1. The Byzantine Empire, Russia and Eastern Europe
How can you tell this is Byzantine architecture?

2. Constantine
Moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium (present-day Istanbul, Turkey)
Renamed it Constantinople
Legalized Christianity
The Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire
This is the guy that paved the way for the Byzantine Empire, and he did it by-
Who was he?

3. Constantinople
Why was Constantinople chosen as the capital?
Situated on a strait between the Black and Mediterranean Seas
And the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire Byzantine Empire and then the Byzantine Empire was?
Why did it become the capital of the Eastern Roman empire and Empire and how did it survive for 1000 years after the Western Empire fell.

4. Crossroads of trade

5. Built on a peninsula fortified with land and sea walls

6. Distant from Germanic invasions in West
Protected by the eastern frontier

7. Medieval Times
The time between the fall of Rome in the West and the Renaissance 1000 years)
Byzantine Empire: advanced and prosperous
Western Europe: state of decline and war

8. Justinian Conquered many former Roman territories Expanded trade
The most famous Byzantine Emperor revived the idea of a Roman Empire by …What was his name?

9. Justinian’s Legacy Codified Roman laws “Justinian’s Code”
Law codes were later adopted by Western European Monarchs
Built the Hagia Sophia and other many other buildings

10. Byzantine Achievements in Art and Architecture
Architecture: domed buildings like the Hagia Sophia
Icons: religious images
Mosaics in public and religious structures

11. Hagia Sophia Domed Byzantine Christian Church.
Architecture shows Greco-Roman influence
Who can tell me the name of this building?

12. Inside the Hagia Sophia
Notice the mosaics and the stain glass windows. They were probably put in by the Muslims when they took over.

13. Icons Religious images
Paintings and mosaics often used gold paint; the pictures seemed to glow.
Byzantine art was often painted with gold; the pictures seem to glow

14. Pictures made up of thousands of tiny glass, ceramic, and stone tiles
Mosaics
Pictures made up of thousands of tiny glass, ceramic, and stone tiles
Byzantines are also famous for these types of pictures(which can also be Icons) What are they called?

15. Byzantine Culture Greco-Roman traditions continued to flourish.
Greek was the official language (as contrasted to Latin in the West).
Greek Orthodox Christianity as the religion (as contrasted to Roman Catholic Church in the West)
Greco-Roman knowledge was preserved in libraries.

16. Division in the Christian Church
Western Church
Centered in Rome
Latin used in the Liturgy
Pope eventually accepted as the leader
Practices such as celibacy (priests could not marry) eventually accepted.
Became known as the Roman Catholic Church

17. Eastern Church Centered in Constantinople Used Greek in the liturgy
Headed by Patriarch
Priests continued to be allowed to marry.
Became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church
During this period of time the Christian church split into two churches. What were they? And the one in East was called - How was this church different fro the church of Rome?

18. Illuminated Manuscripts
Byzantine monks helped to preserve Greco-Roman culture by copying and illustrating ancient Greek and Roman works.
How did the Byzantine Empire help to preserve Greco-Roman culture? Like their Western counterparts

19. Crusades
In 1093, Byzantine emperor Alexis I sent a letter to the West asking for help against the Muslim Turks (Seljuks) who were threatening Constantinople and attacking Christian Pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem.
Alexis I

20. Crusades
Pope Urban (of Rome) called for a crusade or holy war to regain control of the Holy Land (holy sites in and around Jerusalem).

21. Crusaders Attack
In 1204 Constantinople (a Christian city) was attacked, burned, and looted by Christian Crusaders from the West.
Who’s attacking the walls of Constantionople? But they were Christian. How could this happen?
Did the Crusades put an end to the Byzantine Empire?
What did finally put an end to the Byzantine Empire?
n the years at the beginning of the 13th century the Byzantine Empire, centered at Constantinople, was roiled by still another of its recurring dynastic struggles. Emperor Isaac II Angelus, a somewhat dotty ruler, had been deposed and imprisoned by his brother, who ruled as Alexius III. Dotty though he might be, Isaac II had nonetheless managed to arrange the marriage of his daughter to Philip, King of the German state of Swabia. Following the coup d'etat at Constantinople, Isaac II's son, also named Alexius, fled to the sanctuary of his German brother-in-law. There he and King Philip devised a fateful plan which they submitted formally to the wayward forces of the Fourth Crusade that were wintering at Zara. The proposal had two major elements. If the Crusaders would transport young Alexius to Constantinople, depose his usurping uncle, and install young Alexius as emperor, the new emperor would use his imperial powers to finance the Crusade in its conquest of Egypt. In addition, he would return the Eastern Orthodox Church at Constantinople to the authority of the Pope at Rome. The Crusaders--perhaps motivated as well by an unspoken third incentive, the possibility of plunder--agreed with only token defections. The mighty fleet arrived at Constantinople in June 1203, anchored at the Asian shore across the Bosporus from the Byzantine capital, and demanded that young Alexius be placed on the throne immediately.
The Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire, but did not put an end to it.

22. Ottoman Conquest
Ottoman Turks (Muslims) conquered what remained of the Byzantine Empire in 1453.

23. Constantinople became capital of the Ottoman Empire (present-day Istanbul, Turkey)
What is Constantinople today?

24. Russia and Eastern Europe
Russia and Eastern Europe were influenced by the Byzantine Empire through trade and Christian missionaries.
Due to a lack of geographic barriers, they were frequently invaded by nomadic groups

25. Influence of Byzantine Empire on Russia and Eastern Europe
Orthodox Christianity
Art (icons) and architecture (onion domes).
Cyrillic Alphabet
Trade routes between the Black and Baltic Seas
1. How did the Byzantine Empire influence Russia and Eastern Europe?

26. Saint Cyril
Missionary who adapted Greek alphabet to Slavic languages of Eastern Europe and Russia (so that they could read the Bible).
Who is this fellow?

27. Cyrillic Alphabet
The Cyrillic alphabet gave the Slavs a written language and helped spread Christianity in Russia and Eastern Europe.
What type of writing is this?

28. Russian Orthodox Church
Byzantine influence is seen here in art, in architecture (onion domes), and religion.
What kind of building is this?
How can you see the Byzantine influence in this building?

29. Russian Icons St Nicholas “Santa Claus”
This is a Russian Icon and you can see the style is like the Byzantine Icons. Now every one of you should know who this guy is.

30. Invaders of Russia and Eastern Europe
Vikings
Magyars
Mongols
Ottoman Turks

31. Vikings
Seafaring invaders from Scandinavia who settled in Russia during Early Middle Ages.
At first they made slaves of the local people (Slavs), but eventually adopted slavic culture.
Now we’re going to play name that invader.

32. Russian-Byzantine Trade Routes
The Vikings (Rus) set up trade routes along rivers between the Black and Baltic Seas.
They sailed to Constantinople and traded timber, furs, and slaves for goods from different lands.

33. Mongols Fierce nomads from Central Asia
Invaded Russia, China, and Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia
Now who were these invaders?

34. Ivan the Great Freed Moscow from the Mongols
United and expanded the Russian Nation

35. Ivan the Great Took the title of “Tsar” (from “Caesar”)
Ruled with absolute power
Who is this great leader?

36. Ivan the Great
Appointed himself protector of the Orthodox Church

37. West
East
Language
Latin
Greek
Center
Rome
Constantinople
Practices
Priests celibate (eventually accepted)
Priests continued to marry
Religious
Leader
Pope eventually accepted
Patriarch (chosen by emperor)
Name
Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox

38. These four horses (bronze) were made for Alexander the Great
These four horses (bronze) were made for Alexander the Great. The Roman Emperor August had them shipped from Alexandria to Rome. The Emperor Constantine had the horses transferred to Constantinople where they were shown in the Hippodrome. The Venitians (Fourth Crusade, 1204) took the horses as loot and displayed them before the Church of San Marco in Venice.