1. The “New Rome”
byzantium

2. The Roman Empire Divided in 294

3. Constantine’s City--Constantinople

5. Constantinople: A Greek City (Istanbul Today)

6. Sunset on the “Golden Horn”

7. Why that location for a capital?
Protection for the eastern frontier
Farther from invading germanic tribes
Closer to valuable trade routes to the east
Easily fortified and defendable location, a peninsula surrounded by water on 3 sides

8. Result of moving the capital
The western empire disappeared and the east became stronger

9. Justinian 527-564 CE Succeeds his uncle as emperor in 527
Sees himself as a true “Roman” emperor and wants to re-conquer the western mediterranean
He almost succeeded

10. Justinian’s Empire at its Peak

11. Emperor Justinian [r. 527-564]

12. Empress Theodora

14. Justinian’s major accomplishments
Corpus Juris Civilis:
1. Digest
2. Code
3. Institutes 
A summary of Roman law since the founding of Rome, The law code had 3 parts, the laws, judicial decisions and a text on how to interpret those decisions.

15. Justinian’s Church-The Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

16. Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia

17. Legacy of the Byzantines
Art and architecture
Preservation of ancient Greek and Roman cultures
Expansion of Eastern Orthodoxy to Eastern Europe and Russia

19. Art and Architecture
Byzantine Christian art is very stylized. It can be done in mosaic or painted but usually contains a lot of gold. The following examples come from the Haia Sophia which was the Church of the Holy Wisdom built by Justinian.It was made into a mosque in 1453 after the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople.

20. Byzantine Emperor

21. An angel
Christ

22. Mary and Jesus surrounded by an Emperor and Empress.

23. An Empress
An emperor

24. Emperor Constantine

25. Emperor Justinian holding Hagia Sophia

26. Interior of Hagia Sophia

27. Entrance to Hagia Sophia

28. East v west Eastern church Western church Centered in Constantinople
Use of Greek language in the liturgy
Centered in Rome
Use of latin language in the liturgy

29. division Eastern orthodox church Roman Catholic Church
Authority of the Emperor, then the Patriarch
Priests do not have to obey celibacy
Authority of the Pope accepted in the west
Celibacy required in the Catholic church

30. Great Schism
1054 the two churches officially split when the Pope excommunicated the Patriarch in the east and the patriarch excommunicated the Pope.
The split still causes friction between the two types of Christianity

31. Legacy of the Byzantines
Expanded trade routes from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea
Adoption of Orthodox Christianity in Eastern Europe and Russia
Adoption of the Greek alphabet by the slavic cultures of Eastern Europe, Cyrillic Alphabet.
Church architecture and religious art

33. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity
Russian clergy and a Russian Cathedral

34. Inside of a Russian Cathedral

35. Early Byzantine Influences: Cyrillic Alphabet
St. Cyrill
Russian version of the Cyrillic alphabet

36. Novgorod, Russia

37. The Byzantine Orthodox influence can also been seen in the following branches of Eastern Orthodoxy
Serbian
Greek
Romanian
Albanian

38. And, believe it or don’t
The Byzantine Catholic Branch of the Roman Catholic Church
St Mary’s Byzantine Catholic Church St. Clair, Pa

39. Byzantine Catholics recognize the authority of the Pope but the liturgy used is from the Orthodox tradition, including using Icons
an Icon of the Virgin Mary and infant Christ from inside St. Mary’s Byzantine Catholic Church in St.Clair , Pa