Immigration A. Ellis Island: gateway for millions of immigrants to the U.S. B.Angel Island: Chinese immigrants came through the “Ellis Island of the West”

Immigration C.Asian Immigration 1.Chinese came to work on the transcontinental RR 2.Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: Prevented Chinese people from immigrating to the U.S. 3.“yellow peril”- racism toward Asians

Immigration D.Mexicans – Immigrated to help farm in CA because of U.S. opportunities, money, and immigration acts a.Mexican workers became the major labor force

Immigration  Immigrants tended to adjust well to America if they settled with their own ethnic group

Urban Problems Tenement Life  Multi-family, urban housing Overcrowded & unsanitary

Urban Problems Great Chicago Fire  October 8-10, 1871  Fire burned for over 24 hours  300 dead  100,000 left homeless  More than 3 sq. miles of city destroyed  $200 million in property loss  17,500 buildings destroyed San Francisco Earthquake  April 18, 1906  Lasted 28 seconds; fires burned for 4 days  1000 dead  Over 200,000 were left homeless  Fire swept through 5 sq. miles of city  $500 million in property loss  28,000 buildings were destroyed

Political Machines A.Graft/Fraud: the illegal use of political influence for personal gain B.Tammany Hall- William “Boss Tweed”  Corrupt party boss in a political machine  Political machines provided new city dwellers w/ jobs, housing, etc. in exchange for votes

Gilded Age ( ) A.Horatio Alger  children's magazine of moral writings B.Social Darwinism  “Survival of the fittest” to human societies

Gilded Age ( ) C.Popular Culture a.Saloons b.Amusement parks

Rebirth of Reform A.Salvation Army offered practical aid & religious counseling to the urban poor B.Settlement House Movement a.Jane Addams: opened Hull House for reforming tenement life

Rebirth of Reform C.Spread of Schools 1.Booker T. Washington: African Americans should pursue economic goals before political goals 2.George W. Carver: agricultural advances