1. Do Now: Identify and describe 5 positive and 5 negative features that appear in modern cities today.

2. The Growth of Cities and American Culture – 1865-1900 IMMIGRATION IN THE GILDED AGE PUSH FACTORS – JOB LOSS / OVERCROWDING / RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION / GOVERNMENT PERSECUTION PULL FACTORS – POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / JOB OPPORTUNITIES/ AVAILABLE LAND / ADVENTURE OLD IMMIGRATION – NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE

3. The Growth of Cities and American Culture – 1865-1900 NEW IMMIGRATION – (1890 – WWI) SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPE - ITALIANS, GREEKS, SLOVAKS, POLISH, RUSSIAN -NEW RELIGIONS -NEW LANGUAGES -UNSKILLED LABORERS GOVERNMENT RESTRICTION OF IMMIGRATION -CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT 1882 - 1885 BAN ON CONTRACT LABOR - ELLIS ISLAND RESTRICTS IMMIGRANTS 1892 SUPPORTED BY: NATIVISTS, AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION, LABOR UNIONS, SOCIAL DARWINISTS

4. The Growth of Cities and American Culture – 1865-1900 MAJOR CITIES BECAME HOME TO MANY IMMIGRANTS AND AMERICAN FARMERS SUCH AS N.Y., PHILADELPHIA, BOSTON, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, NEW ORLEANS GROWTH OUTWARD AND UPWARD – USE OF STEEL RISE OF SUBURBS -PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION -ELEVATED TRAINS NYC – 1868TROLLEY CARS SAN FRANCISCO –1873 -THOSE WHO COULD AFFORD TRANSPORTATION WOULD MOVE BIRTH OF SKYSCRAPERS -1852 – ELISHA GRAVES OTIS - SAFETY DEVICE FOR PASSENGER ELEVATORS

9. The Growth of Cities and American Culture – 1865-1900 CITIES DEVELOP SPECIALIZED DISTRICTS SUCH AS BANKS, LAW FIRMS, GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, RESIDENTIAL, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL WAREHOUSES RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF CITIES  POVERTY, OVERCROWDING, NEGLECT, RISE OF SLUMS TENEMENT BUILDINGS  OVERCROWDED APARTMENTS  DANGER OF FIRES - GREAT CHICAGO FIRE – 1871/1874  UNSANITARY CONDITIONS/LACK OF SEWAGE SYSTEMS IN POOR AREAS  LACK OF CLEAN WATER  DISEASE SPREADS RAPIDLY

13. The Growth of Cities and American Culture – 1865-1900 FORMS OF ESCAPE (NEW PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT)  RISE IN NUMBER OF SALOONS AND SOCIAL CLUB MEETINGS  CENTERS OF LOCAL INFORMATION  MIXTURE OF VARIOUS BACKGROUNDS GROWTH OF AMUSEMENT PARKS VAUDEVILLE - LIVE THEATRICAL VARIETY SHOWS RISE OF SPECTATOR SPORTS SUCH AS BOXING, HORSE RACING, BASEBALL (MOST POPULAR), FOOTBALL, BASKETBALL NEWSPAPERS AS ENTERTAINMENT  COMICS, ADVERTISING, STORIES, MAGAZINES (i.e. COSMO), THE RISE OF YELLOW JOURNALISM BIRTH OF RAGTIME AND JAZZ  ORIGINATED AMONG BLACK MUSICIANS IN SOUTH

15. The Growth of Cities and American Culture – 1865-1900 POLITICS IN CITY LIFE - NEED FOR IMPROVEMENTS  TAXES WENT UP & LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT WENT UP DOMINANCE OF POLITICAL BOSSES  POLITICAL MACHINES WORKED TO GAIN VOTES IN ORDER FOR ONE POLITICAL GROUP TO STAY IN POWER  PROMISE OF JOBS, HOUSING, SUPPORT FOR BUSINESSES  IMMIGRANTS TARGETED BY POLITICAL MACHINES

16. The Growth of Cities and American Culture – 1865-1900 POLITICS IN CITY LIFE – WILLIAM MARCY TWEED aka “BOSS” TWEED  CONTROLLED TAMMANY HALL (DEMOCRATIC HUB OF POLITICS)  GAINED IRISH VOTE IN NEW YORK CITY  EXTENSIVE CORRUPTION IN POLITICS (GRAFT)