1. Warm Up Write this question AND your answer on your Warm Up paper
What led to the cattle boom during the Gilded Age?

2. Immigration and Urbanization
Gilded Age Pt 4
Immigration and Urbanization

3. Push and Pull Reasons immigrants came to America:
Push: No jobs, no freedoms, no land
Pull: Promise of economic opportunity, chance of factory job, abundance of land
Came mostly from South and East Europe (before they came from North and West Europe)
Italy, Poland, Greece, Romania, Russia
Should there ever be restrictions on immigration? Why or why not?

4. Where they settled
Near port of entry, esp NYC (went through Ellis Island)
Led to urbanization (growth of cities)
Development of ghettos- areas in which one ethnic group dominates
What are the positive and negative effects of immigration?
Bessemer Process for steel (Carnegie)
Building skyscrapers
More people in a small area
Bessemer Process for steel (Carnegie)
Bessemer Process for steel (Carnegie)
Building skyscrapers

5. Ellis Island

6. Ship headed to Ellis Island - 1906

7. Problems of Immigrants
Problems Immigrants Faced
Cultural Differences
Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements
Low paying jobs
Limited housing supply, tenements, ghettos
Problems Immigrants Faced
Cultural Differences
Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements
Low paying jobs
Limited housing supply, tenements, ghettos
Little to no education, no English
Problems Immigrants Faced
Cultural Differences
Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements
Low paying jobs
Limited housing supply, tenements, ghettos
Little to no education, no English
Nativism
Problems Immigrants Faced
Cultural Differences
Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements
Low paying jobs
Problems Immigrants Faced
Cultural Differences
Crime, fire, disease, pollution in tenements
Problems Immigrants Faced
Problems Immigrants Faced
Cultural Differences
Tenements- poorly built, overcrowded apartments

10. Nativism Nativism- favoring the native inhabitants over immigrants
Being anti-immigrant
Why were some Americans nativists??
Led to immigration quotas- limit on # per country
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
No Chinese allowed in
From 40,000 to 23 in one year
Weren’t granted citizenship until 1943

11. Looking Backward
They would close to the New World the Bridge that Carried them and their Fathers Over
They would close to the new-comer the bridge that carried them and their fathers over

12. This comes from a play called “The Chinese Must Go:” A Farce in Four Acts by Henry Grimm, published in San Francisco, In just the first page, you will be able to see many of the common stereotypes of Chinese immigrants in the 19th century.

13. STAAR PRACTICE

14. STAAR PRACTICE

15. Life for Immigrants Factory work Pushed towards “Americanization”
Long hours, little pay, terrible conditions
Pushed towards “Americanization”
Educating immigrants on American heritage, culture, and English
Why did Big Businesses get away with treating immigrants so poorly?

17. Moving on up… Not just immigrants moving to the cities
From , 11 million Americans moved to cities
Urbanization = growth of cities
Why? Immigration, Industrialization
Women not needed on farms, went to factories
African Americans started moving to northern cities
What are the positive and negative effects of urbanization?

20. Chicago 1871

21. Chicago 1916

22. Problems from Increase Population
Overcrowded cities, air pollution, dwindling resources
Increased sewage and waste
Slums
Group of run down tenements
Open sewers; rats; diseases

24. Political Machines
People in office who control politics with corruption
Controlled the city; catered to immigrants
Traded jobs and help for the immigrants in exchange for votes
Stayed in power b/c large groups of immigrants voted for them no matter what
Used their “power” to help their supporters 
How did political machines take advantage of immigrants?

25. “Boss” Tweed

26. Political Machines, cont.
Political bosses offer jobs, help with bills, promise of utilities to immigrant groups
Immigrants vote for political bosses
Political bosses give government jobs to big supporters who were unqualified and let bosses do whatever they want
Political bosses stay in power and use jobs to illegally make money (corruption)
Political bosses offer jobs, help with bills, promise of utilities to immigrant groups
Immigrants vote for political bosses
Political bosses give government jobs to big supporters who were unqualified and let bosses do whatever they want
Political bosses offer jobs, help with bills, promise of utilities to immigrant groups
Political bosses offer jobs, help with bills, promise of utilities to immigrant groups
Immigrants vote for political bosses
Spoils system- giving jobs in exchange for support
Gave jobs to unqualified people
Used positions to steal money, take bribes
Tammany Hall- famous example of political machines
Led by William “Boss” Tweed as head; made millions
What are the consequences of a spoils system?

30. STAAR PRACTICE

31. STAAR PRACTICE
What types of services would a newly arrived immigrant need?

32. BIG IDEA
Why did cities in the United States grow rapidly during the Gilded Age? And what problems did this rapid growth pose for cities?