1. Immigration to Urbanization
The Gilded Age
Immigration to Urbanization

2. Flashback & Bellringer
FB: What attracted many Asians to the U.S. in
the late 1800s?
Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act
The desire for free land
Jobs with American railroad companies
The Gentleman’s Agreement
BR: Predict why many immigrants supported city
political machines in the early 1900s?
Political machines were free of corruption
Political machines provided them with jobs
Political machines put powerful bosses out of business
Political machines fought against crime in the slums

3. Review of Key Ideas
Innovation, resources, and government policies encouraged industrialism.
“Giants” of industry created the “Gilded Age.”
Industrialism had positive and negative effects.
Workers responded to industrial conditions by creating unions.
Despite efforts by unions, workers had to continue fighting bad workplace conditions.
One event finally drew attention to the problem of workplace safety.
A “new” wave of immigrants came to the U.S. at the beginning of the 20th century, pulled by economic opportunity and freedom.
“Old” immigrants differed from “new” immigrants in regards to their home countries, cultures, and experiences.
Early 20th century Americans appreciated “New” immigrants for providing a work force and introducing new cultures.
Early 20th century Americans disliked “New” immigrants because of their cultural differences and competition for jobs and housing.
The government responded to concerns about increased immigration through stricter immigration policies.

4. Key Ideas
Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization are interconnected.
What is interconnected?
How does each lead to the others?
Increased urban populations created problems for the cities.
What problems arise from overpopulation?
Gilded Age politics were plagued with corruption.
What is corruption?
How did political machines gain power?
The rapid growth of American cities in the 19th century, owing to both immigration and migration from rural areas, created huge problems for city governments, which were often poorly structured and unable to provide services. In these conditions, political machines, such as Tammany Hall, run by boss William Magear Tweed (1823–73) in New York City, were able to build a loyal voter following, especially among immigrant groups, by performing such favors as providing jobs or housing.

5. Urbanization
The rapid growth of cities in response to immigration and industrialization in America between 1880 and 1920.

6. Industrialization, Immigration and Urbanization each impacted the others
Provided jobs which encouraged more people to come
More people in the cities needed more build up, which provided more jobs
Increased populations filled the cities

7. The New City Innovations
Skyscrapers – building up
Streetcars – building out
The New City Innovations

8. Impact of Innovations Skyscrapers Streetcars
Steel allowed buildings to go upward
Provided more work and living space
Electric transportation provided faster and further transit to jobs
Allowed wealthier to live outside of cities away from crime, pollution, and poverty
Suburbs
Impact of Innovations

9. The Real city
Overcrowding, corruption, and other problems arose in the rapidly growing cities.
What problems do you imagine arose as a result of overpopulation and overcrowding in the cities?

10. Problems in Cities
Tenement housing crammed poor families into small apartments
Poor sanitation
Poor ventilation
Polluted water
Unsafe (fire, crime, spread of disease)
Juvenile crime
Gangs and theft

11. Political Machines
City political groups formed headed by “bosses” who promised improved city conditions and jobs to city dwellers in exchange for votes.
Bosses gave “favors” and used intimidation and corrupt methods to control cities.
Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall in NYC used corruption to steal $40 to $200 MILLION from taxpayers.

12. Do Something About it!
Early reformers arise to solve the problems of the cities.
Settlement Houses, such as the Hull House formed by Jane Addams, opened in all major cities
Provided English lessons, daycare, job training, and neighborhood social programs
Social Gospel Movement tried to apply Christian principals to city urban problems
Temperance Movement attacked alcohol as the cause of all urban problems

13. Drawing Attention!
Some reformers used their talents to call attention to the problems of the city.
Jacob Riis photographed the urban dwellings to show the problems of the poor in the slums.
Published photographs and stories of the people in How the Other Half Lives.

14. Class Activity Directions
Analyze the images taken by Jacob Riis What is he showing? What is his message? How could the situation be improved?

15. 1: F I V E C N T S L O D G

16. 2: C I T Y S A P E

17. 3: B A N D I T’ S R O T

18. 4: S T R E L P I N G

19. 5: C O A L H E V R’ S M

20. 6: A C V E D W L R

21. 7: M I N D G B A Y

22. 8: C I G A R E T M K F L Y

23. 9: I T A L N M O H E R

24. 10: A G R O W L E N

25. 11: W O M E N’ S L P I N G R

26. 12: F A M I L Y K N G V

27. 13: L U D O W S E A T H P

28. 14: S I T E R N F O H M

29. 15: D R I L N G T H E A

30. 16: C R A P S I N T H E L

31. Jacob Riis Impact Statement
What impact was made by Jacob Riis? Write a statement with specific details on his contribution of bringing attention to the problems in the cities.

32. Exit Slip
If you were a modern day Jacob Riis, what photograph would you take to represent modern urban life. Draw or describe it.