1. CHAPTER 4 Social Structure
Sociology
4/15/2017
CHAPTER 4 Social Structure
Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure
Section 2: Types of Social Interaction
Section 3: Types of Societies
Section 4: Groups Within Society
Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations
Chapter 4

2. Objectives: Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure
Identify and describe the two major components of social structure.
Analyze how these two components of social structure affect human interaction.

3. Major Components of Social Structure
Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure
Major Components of Social Structure
Status – a socially defined position in a group or in a society and has attached to it one or more roles
Role – the behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status

4. Roles, Status, and Human Interaction
Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure
Roles, Status, and Human Interaction
People’s particular roles and statuses affect how they relate to one another.

5. Objectives: Section 2: Types of Social Interaction
Identify the most common types of social interaction.
Distinguish between types of interactions that stabilize social structure and those that can disrupt it.

6. Common Types of Social Interaction
Section 2: Types of Social Interaction
Common Types of Social Interaction
Exchange – interacting in an effort to receive a reward or a return for one’s actions
Competition – two or more people or groups in opposition to achieve a goal that only one can attain
Conflict – the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone else, or to harm another person

7. Common Types of Social Interaction
Section 2: Types of Social Interaction
Common Types of Social Interaction
(continued)
Cooperation – two or more people or groups working together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one of them
Accommodation – a state of balance between cooperation and conflict

8. Interactions That Stabilize and Disrupt
Section 2: Types of Social Interaction
Interactions That Stabilize and Disrupt
Competition and Conflict – disrupt social stability
Accommodation, Exchange, and Cooperation stabilize social stability

9. Objectives: Section 3: Types of Societies
Identify and describe the types of societies that exist in the world today.
Explain the roles individuals play in these models of group systems.

10. Types of Societies Section 3: Types of Societies
Preindustrial – food production is the main economic activity and can be subdivided according to the level of technology and the method of producing food
Industrial – emphasis shifts from the production of food to the production of manufactured goods made possible by changes in production methods
Postindustrial – much of the economy is involved in providing information and services

11. Roles of Individuals Section 3: Types of Societies Roles related to:
Leadership
Family
Work

12. Objectives: Section 4: Groups Within Society
Summarize the major features of primary and secondary groups.
Identify the purposes that groups fulfill.

13. Features of Primary Groups
Section 4: Groups Within Society
Features of Primary Groups
Interact over a long period of time on a direct and personal basis
Entire self of the individual is taken into account
Relationships are intimate and face-to-face

14. Features of Secondary Groups
Section 4: Groups Within Society
Features of Secondary Groups
Interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature
Involve a reaction to only a part of the individual’s self
Casual and limited to personal involvement

15. Purposes of Groups Section 4: Groups Within Society
Select leaders – people that influence the attitudes and opinions of others
Define their boundaries – so that members can tell who belongs and who does not
Set goals, assign tasks, and make decisions
Control their members’ behavior – if members violate groups norms, the group cannot survive long

16. Objectives: Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations
Explain how bureaucracies are structured.
Evaluate the effectiveness of bureaucracies.

17. Weber’s Model Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations
Division of Labor
Ranking of Authority
Employment based on formal qualifications
Rules and regulations
Specific lines of promotion and advancement

18. Effectiveness of Bureaucracies
Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations
Effectiveness of Bureaucracies
Efficient at coordinating large numbers of people, defining tasks and rewards
Provides stability
Can lose sight of goals, create red tape, and result in oligarchies
In some instances, rewards incompetence and expands uncontrollably