1. The Hundred Years’ War & The Plague
Chapter 14.4

2. Warm Up
What were the three main problems that the Church wanted to reform?

3. Lay investiture- process of nobles and kings appointing church officials
Simony- selling church positions
Marriage of priests- this was against the beliefs of the Church

4. Church Divided
1300- Pope Boniface VIII attempted to enforce King Philip IV of France to obey Pope
Sept, King Philip IV kidnapped pope. Pope was rescued but died soon after

5. Great Schism
1305- Philip IV persuaded cardinals to choose French archbishop as new pope.
Clement V moved from Rome to Avignon in France.
1378- Pope Gregory XI died
Cardinals elected Pope Urban VI (Rome)
Reformer; arrogant
Elected Clement VII soon after (Avignon)
Each pope declared the other to be false
Split in the Church- Great Schism (aka Western Schism)

6. 1417- Holy Roman Emperor (Sigismund) forces all three to resign
In 1414, Council of Constance tried to end Great Schism by choosing another pope (now there are three!)
1417- Holy Roman Emperor (Sigismund) forces all three to resign
Martin V- new pope. This ends Schism but weakens Church
The Catholic Church was further weakened by scholars who spoke about the Church. John Wycliffe and Jan Hus were the two most outspoken. Here Jan Hus is being tried at the Council of Constance- he was later burned at the stake.

7. Bubonic Plague
Bubonic Plague- 1/3 of Europe’s population died from Plague in 1300’s.
Began in Asia- spread by traders
Caused by fleas that lived on rats
Unclean living conditions made plague more deadly (people carried fleas and lice)
20-25 million people died in Western Europe, 25 million in Asia

9. Effects of Plague Manor system starts to weaken
Serfs leave manor in search for better jobs
Nobles refuse to pay higher wages- causes peasant revolts in many countries
Town populations fall
Trade declines, prices rise
Jews are blamed for bringing plague and are persecuted
Church suffers loss of power when prayer does not stop plague

10. The Hundred Years’ War
Conflict between England and France from
Ended medieval European society
Last Capetian king died without successor and King Edward III of England (Philip IV’s grandson) claimed French throne.
Warfare changes
Some knights still followed code of chivalry
English archers used longbow to knock knights off of horse. Foot soldiers then attacked with knives
Joan of Arc- peasant girl who led the French to victory (burned at stake by English for heresy)

11. Impact of Hundred Years’ War
Feeling of nationalism emerged in England in France
King was national leader
Patriotism towards country, not feudal lord
Power and prestige of French king increased
England suffered civil war called War of Roses