1. The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague
Chapter 14
section 4

2. Key Terms Avignon Great Schism John Wycliffe Jan Hus Bubonic plague
Hundred Years’ War
Joan of Arc

3. A Church Divided Pope and King collide
Pope Boniface tried to enforce papal authority on kings
King Philip IV asserted authority over bishops
Boniface said that kings must always obey popes

4. A Church Divided
My master’s sword is made of steel, his sword is made of words
Philip held pope as a prisoner in 1303
King wanted to put him on trial
Pope rescued and died one month later

5. Avignon and the Great Schism
Philip IV had College of Cardinals pick a French bishop as Pope
Clement IV moved from Rome to Avignon
Pope would live there for 69 years
This move weakened the church

6. Avignon and the Great Schism
Pope Urban IV was picked an Italian
Pope Urban IV was a reformer
Cardinals picked a second pope Clement VII
French pope in Avignon and Italian pope in Rome

7. Avignon and the Great Schism
Great Schism- the split of the church
1414 Council of Constance tried to pick just one pope
Now there were three popes
All popes resigned
1417 one pop picked

8. Scholars Challenge Church Authority
John Wycliffe-preached Jesus Christ not the pope was the head of the church
Offended by the worldly wealth of the clergy
Clergy should not own land or have wealth
Bible not pope the final authority
English translation of the Bible

9. Scholars Challenge Church Authority
Jan Hus- professor in Bohemia taught bible higher authority then the pope
1412 he was excommunicated
1414 he was tried as a heretic
1415 burned at the stake

10. The Bubonic Plague Strikes
1300’s Asia, North Africa, and Europe
1/3 of the population dies
Bubonic plague-deadly disease
Epidemic ripped communities apart

11. The Bubonic Plague Strikes
Began in Asia
1347 Genoese fleets arrived in Sicily with the Plague
Known as black death
Purplish black spots on skin
From Italy to Spain, France, Germany and North Africa

12. The Bubonic Plague Strikes
Took four years to reach all of Europe
25 million Europeans die
Many more in Africa and Asia
Struck every few years

13. Effects of the Plague Manorial system began to crumble
Town population fell
Trade declined, prices rose
Peasant revolts in England, France and Italy
Jews blamed for the plague driven from their home’s, persecuted
Church loss of prestige, prayers failed, priests left

14. The Hundred Years War England and France fought on French soil
Edward III was a grandson of Philip IV claimed French throne
was started by Edward
Went back and forth
English drive out

15. The Hundred Years War Changed style of warfare
Some warriors under chivalry
Newer foot soldiers and archers

16. The Longbow Changes Warfare
Introduced by the English
First battle was Crecy
1346 English outnumbered 3 to 1
French had knights, crossbows
Thousands of arrows flew

17. The Longbow Changes Warfare
Caused a retreat and panic
Knights trampled the crossbows
Volley after volley
Knights left on the ground
Knights slaughtered by English with knives

18. The Longbow Changes Warfare
1/3 of French Army was killed
Longbow won the day
Knights would become extinct
Battle of Poitiers and Battle of Agincourt

19. Joan of Arc 1420 French an English signed a treaty
Henry V would inherit the French crown
Joan of Arc French teenage peasant
Move by god to rescue France

20. Joan of Arc Age 13 had visions an hear voices of the saints
Urged her to drive English from France
1429 Joan led a French Army
Joan and a few troops charged the fort, French army followed

21. Joan of Arc Joan of Arc ended the siege of Orleans
Charles crowned King of France
English captured Joan
Charles did not help her
She was burned at the stake as a witch

22. The Impact of the Hundred Years War
Ended 1453
Feeling of nationalism in France an England
Fight for glory of the country
King national leader
Power an prestige of French Monarchs
England internal turmoil, War of the Roses, fought for throne

23. The Impact of the Hundred Years War
End of Hundred years War end of the “Middle Ages”
Religious devotion and chivalry crumble
Great schism
Display of wealth by the church
Discrediting church during plague