1. Chapter 14 Section 6 Challenges to Church Power

2. Review What happened During the HYW to both the French and English monarchies? What happened During the HYW to both the French and English monarchies? Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained more power over the king making them closer in power to the House of _____ Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained more power over the king making them closer in power to the House of _____ Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and the who lost some of its power? Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and the who lost some of its power? The Habsburg family could not, however, unite who or the German states within it? The Habsburg family could not, however, unite who or the German states within it?

3. The Church’s Power Weakens Because of power shifting to strong governments and people questioning the church’s extreme wealth and practices, the church began to weaken Because of power shifting to strong governments and people questioning the church’s extreme wealth and practices, the church began to weaken {In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip IV of France ordered the clergy in France to pay taxes} {In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip IV of France ordered the clergy in France to pay taxes} {This angered Pope Boniface VIII and he decreed that popes had powers over worldly leaders} {This angered Pope Boniface VIII and he decreed that popes had powers over worldly leaders} Philip responded by charging the pope with heresy and of selling jobs in the church. He had his envoys in Rome take the pope prisoner Philip responded by charging the pope with heresy and of selling jobs in the church. He had his envoys in Rome take the pope prisoner Although Boniface was quickly let go, he died shortly after. Although Boniface was quickly let go, he died shortly after. For the next 100 years the church continued to lose power For the next 100 years the church continued to lose power

4. Pope Boniface

5. The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism After Boniface died, Philip had a French bishop elected pope, Clement V. After Boniface died, Philip had a French bishop elected pope, Clement V. Clement moved the headquarters of the church to Avignon, France. Until then the center of the church had been Rome for 1,000 years Clement moved the headquarters of the church to Avignon, France. Until then the center of the church had been Rome for 1,000 years {The years that the popes lived in Avignon were known as the Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377)} {The years that the popes lived in Avignon were known as the Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377)} During this time many more lost respect for the church, claiming the church was being controlled by French kings During this time many more lost respect for the church, claiming the church was being controlled by French kings

7. Continued…. In 1377 the French pope Gregory XI returned to Rome In 1377 the French pope Gregory XI returned to Rome After he died the cardinals elected an Italian pope to please local mobs, but later elected a French pope, who took up residence in Avignon After he died the cardinals elected an Italian pope to please local mobs, but later elected a French pope, who took up residence in Avignon Until 1417 the church had two and sometimes three popes. This period in church history is called the Great Schism. Until 1417 the church had two and sometimes three popes. This period in church history is called the Great Schism. The church was divided into opposing groups The church was divided into opposing groups Finally a church council met in Constance and ended the Great Schism It removed the Italian and French popes and elected a new Italian pope Finally a church council met in Constance and ended the Great Schism It removed the Italian and French popes and elected a new Italian pope

9. More Problems for the Church The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism not only weakened the authority of the pope but it also raised criticism of the church The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism not only weakened the authority of the pope but it also raised criticism of the church In the late 1300’s John Wycliffe, a priest and teacher at Oxford University, attacked the wealth of the church and the immorality of some of the clergy In the late 1300’s John Wycliffe, a priest and teacher at Oxford University, attacked the wealth of the church and the immorality of some of the clergy He did not believe in the absolute power of the pope and wanted to replace the authority of the church with that of the Bible He did not believe in the absolute power of the pope and wanted to replace the authority of the church with that of the Bible He insisted that individuals should be able to read and interpret the Bible themselves, without church intervention He insisted that individuals should be able to read and interpret the Bible themselves, without church intervention Wycliffe promoted the translation of the Bible from Latin to English Wycliffe promoted the translation of the Bible from Latin to English The church accused him of heresy and he was banned from teaching and forced to retire The church accused him of heresy and he was banned from teaching and forced to retire

10. Wyclef Jean

11. John Wycliffe

12. Continued…. Jan Hus, a teacher at a the University of Prague, read Wycliffe’s works and spoke out against the church Jan Hus, a teacher at a the University of Prague, read Wycliffe’s works and spoke out against the church Hus was excommunicated and in 1414 the Council of Constance declared him a heretic and ordered his death Hus was excommunicated and in 1414 the Council of Constance declared him a heretic and ordered his death He was burned at the stake in 1415 He was burned at the stake in 1415 Despite {John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being punished for criticizing the church} they had a profound impact on many people. Despite {John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being punished for criticizing the church} they had a profound impact on many people. They set the stage for later reformers who would drastically alter the history of the Christian church They set the stage for later reformers who would drastically alter the history of the Christian church

13. Jan Hus Jan Hus

15. Review In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip IV of France ordered the clergy in France to pay what? In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip IV of France ordered the clergy in France to pay what? Taxation angered Pope Boniface VIII so he decreed that popes had powers over who? Taxation angered Pope Boniface VIII so he decreed that popes had powers over who? The years that the popes lived in Avignon were known as? The years that the popes lived in Avignon were known as? John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being punished for criticizing who? John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being punished for criticizing who? Pope Urban called on Europeans to join in a Crusade against who? Pope Urban called on Europeans to join in a Crusade against who? At the end of the 4 th Crusade who was in control of Constantinople? At the end of the 4 th Crusade who was in control of Constantinople?

16. Wrong on so many levels