1. Absolute Monarchs In Europe
Chapter 5

2. Spain’s Empire and European absolutism
Chapter 5 Section 1

3. A Powerful Spanish Empire
Phillip II’s Empire
Phillip II inherits the Spanish Netherlands, American colonies, and most importantly Spain from his father Charles V
How does the book describe Phillip II? How does he prove his strength right away?
Spain’s wealth came mostly from American mines…allowed Spain to support a large standing army, significance?
Defender of Catholicism
Europe and especially Spain were used to religious conflict…the Reconquista? The Spanish Inquisition?
Phillip sends troop to defend Catholicism and the pope…defend them from who?
Spain was defeated but was still able to keep up its image of wealth and power

4. Golden age of Spanish art and literature
El Greco and Velazquez
Why were the Spanish able to be patrons of the arts?
El Greco wasn’t really Spanish…
Paintings represented the deep Catholic faith of Spain
Velazquez represented who in his paintings?
Use of rich colors by each
Don Quixote
Birth of the modern _________ novel
What’s the story?
Mocking chivalry or being idealistic

5. El Greco or Velazquez?

6. El Greco or Velazquez?

7. El Greco or Velazquez?

9. The Spanish Empire Weakens
Inflation and Taxes
Decline in the value of money because of the high demand for goods and services and _____________ flooded the market?
Artisans and businessmen were expelled, why?
Too high of taxes on the poor and no taxes on the nobility…ut oh!
Making Spain’s Enemies Rich
Why did the Spanish feel the need to buy goods elsewhere? Does this sound familiar?
Spain borrows money from the Germans and Italians to pay for wars…bankrupt!
The Dutch Revolt
Phillips’s taxing and eventual slaughtering of Protestants in the Netherlands…boom new independent country!

10. The Independent Dutch prosper
The Dutch created a republic and tolerated different religions…weird!
Dutch Art
Best banks, best artists… “Northern Renaissance”
Rembrandt (not the toothpaste) was the most famous…light and shadow
Vermeer painted domestic indoor settings…importance of the ______ class
Dutch Trading Empire
Largest fleet in the world….Dutch East India Company dominated!
Dutchies take over as the bankers of Europe

11. A Storm on the Sea of Galilee
The Music Lesson

12. Absolutism in Europe The Theory of Absolutism
Absolute monarchs…whoa, we know this!
Goal? Total control. Divine Right of course!
Who did these leaders answer to?
Growing Power of the Monarchs
End of the Middle Ages-decline of ________
Growing middle class tended to back monarchs, why?
Religious authority decreases so who is getting all of their power?
Crises Lead to Absolutism
Monarchs tried to create order by increasing their own power and controlling every part of society. Sound fun?

13. 5.1 DAILY Questions
Explain the economic weaknesses of the Spanish Empire.
Explain the ways in which the Dutch Empire prospered following its independence from Spain
Honors Only
3. Do you think a wealthy society is necessary for the production of great art? Why or why not? Explain.

14. The Reign of Louis XIV
Chapter 5 Section 2

15. Religious Wars and Power Struggles
Henry of Navarre
Became Henry IV the first king of the Bourbon dynasty
Catholics opposed Henry, why?
With the Edict of Nantes Henry allows the Huguenots (French Protestants) to live and worship in France
Devoted to rebuilding France and restoring the monarchy
How does Henry die?
Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu
Louis XIII’s minister (and leader of the Catholic Church in France) essentially rules France…problem?
Moves against the Huguenots and weakened the power of the nobles (relied on middle class gov’t agents)
France enters the 30 Years’ War to limit the power of the Hapsburgs

16. Writers Turn Toward Skepticism
Skepticism-nothing can be known for certain…began to doubt the church
Montaigne and Descartes
The development of the essay and the idea that humans could never have absolute knowledge of truth
Descartes used __________ and ________ to answer arguments and create his own philosophy

17. Louis XIV Comes to Power
“L’etat, c’est moi.”-Louis XIV
Louis, the Boy King
Cardinal Mazarin takes over was Richelieu's successor but he was very unpopular, why?
The French people rebelled but failed because:
Leaders distrusted one another
The gov’t used violent repression
People grew tired of disorder and fighting
Louis Weakens the Nobles’ Authority
Louis comes to power at age 22, decreases the power of the nobility and increases the power of intendants (no one likes the tax man)
Jean Baptiste Colbert attempts to make France self-sufficient (mercantilism), what does that mean?
Gives money to businesses, imposes high tariffs
Louis contradicts Colbert and cancels the Edict of Nantes which does what?

18. The Sun King’s Grand Style
Louis Controls the Nobility
Nobles at the palace increased Louis’s power, how?
Louis’s Palace at Versailles was like a royal city…so extravagant! Anyone been there?
Patronage of the Arts
Art was an important aspect of Louis’s reign
Art was not to glorify ________ anymore, but instead to glorify the ________!
Do you think Louis was an absolute monarch?

20. The gardens at the Palace of Versailles

24. Inside the palace

25. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
Attempts to Expand France’s Boundaries
European alliances against France allowed for very little expansion…seeking a balance of power in Europe
England, Austria Hapsburg, Sweden, and Spain form an alliance against a weakened France
War of the Spanish Succession
Charles II dies and leaves his throne to who?
The War of Spanish Succession was fought to prevent the __________ from taking the _________ throne.
Louis’s grandson was allowed to rule as long as France and Spain were not united
Who was the ultimate winner here? (slaves and territory)

26. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
Louis’s Death and Legacy
By the end of his reign Louis began to feel bad about the suffering of his people
He left a mixed legacy
The positives: art, literature, statesmanship, military, colonies
The negatives: debt, taxes on the poor

27. 5.2 DAILY Questions
Explain Jean Baptiste Colbert’s plan for France’s economy. How did this strategy change after Colbert’s death?
Explain the differences between Henry IV and his son Louis XIII in terms of ruling and economic policies.
Honors Only
3. How might political and religious leaders have reacted to the work of Montaigne? Did Descartes’s response to the challenges of skeptics such as Montaigne put an end to the skeptics’ argument?

28. Central European Monarchs Clash
Chapter 5 Section 3

29. The Thirty Years’ War Peace of Westphalia
Bohemian Protestants Revolt
Ferdinand II (a Catholic) rules Bohemia (in the Czech Kingdom, a widely Protestant place)
The Thirty Years’ War was a conflict over __________ and _______ among European ruling families
Hapsburg Triumphs
The Hapsburg armies are able to crush uprisings…how does Ferdinand II pay his troops?
Hapsburg Defeats
Gustavus Adolphus runs the show until his death in 1632
Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin join the Protestants even though they are Catholic, why?
Peace of Westphalia
Germany is destroyed by the war and recovery would be long and difficult
Peace of Westphalia ends the war
Weakened Spain and Austria
Strengthened France how?
German princes became independent from who?
Ended religious wars
Changed negotiation techniques, how?
What was the most important result of the Thirty Years’ War?

30. States form in Central Europe
Poland, Holy Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire become strong
Economic Contrasts with the West
Why was western Europe’s economy so different from eastern Europe?
Several Weak Empires
Lack of a strong leader in Poland
The Ottoman Empire could not conquer anymore of Europe
H.R.E. was weakened by _____________
Austria Grows Stronger
Hapsburg of Austria did three things:
Wiped out Protestantism in the Czech territory
Central gov’t, standing ________
Took back Hungary

32. States Form in Central Europe
Maria Theresa Inherits the Throne
A diverse group of people lived under the Hapsburg…how would they all get along? How were they all “united”?
Charles VI asks the rest of Europe to recognize his daughter Maria Theresa as the heir to the throne and ruler of all of their territories
Did Maria Theresa have a peaceful reign?

34. Prussia Challenges Austria
The Rise of Prussia
Frederick William (The Great Elector) decides to build up the Prussian _______ to protect their lands
How is the monarchy in Prussia created?
The landowning nobility pressure the monarchy…how does the monarchy respond?
Frederick the Great
Frederick II was taught at an early age how to rule (militarily)
A ruler should be like a ___________ to his people
Religious toleration and legal reform…not as strict as dad

35. Prussia Challenges Austria
War of the Austrian Succession
Maria Theresa and Frederick II battle over territory just outside of Prussia
Austria, Hungary, and GB vs. France and Prussia…who wins?
With Silesia, Prussia becomes a major world power
The Seven Years’ War
Prussia and Austria switch allies and Russia becomes a part of European affairs
The Seven Years war was fought on three different continents but resulted in no territorial changes (in Europe)
Who was the real winner here, why?

36. 5.3 DAILY Questions
Why was the Peace of Westphalia not only significant to the time (1628), but also significant to modern day Europe?
Compare and contrast the leadership styles of Maria Theresa of Austria and Frederick the Great of Prussia.
Honors Only
3. How might Catholic Church officials have reacted to Richelieu’s and Mazarin’s actions during the ThirtyYears’ War?

37. Absolute Rulers of Russia
Chapter 5 Section 4

38. The First CZAR
Ivan IV aka Ivan the ___________ came to the throne of Russia at what age?
The landowning nobles attempted to control Ivan until he crowned himself czar and married Anastasia Romanov
Rule by Terror
Why does Ivan turn against the boyars?
What did Ivan do to earn him the name Ivan the Terrible?
Ivan even killed his oldest and strongest son, the heir to the Russian throne
Rise of the Romanovs
The “Time of Troubles” occurs because Ivan’s son is incapable…imposters even try to take the throne
Michael Romanov (Anastasia’s grandnephew) is chosen to rule…why is this significant?

39. Peter the Great Comes to Power
Peter the Great, another absolute ruler restores order and strengthens the gov’t in Russia
Russia Contrasts with Europe
Serfdom continued through the 1800s, why?
Boyars knew little about Western Europe…the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration, significance?
How was Russia geographically isolated?
Many Russians were Eastern Orthodox, not Catholic or Protestant
Peter Visits the West
What did Peter focus on in terms of advancing Russia technologically?
Peter learns about western culture and brings back ideas of the rest of Europe

40. Peter Rules Absolutely
Peter’s ultimate goal was the westernization of Russia to keep up with Europe both militarily and commercially
Peter’s Reforms
Brings the Russian Orthodox Church under state control with the Synod
Reduce the power of landowners and increased the power of who?
Drilled the army with European tactics, a soldier’s job was his life
Westernizing Russia
Potatoes
Newspapers
Women
Fashion
Education

41. Peter Rules Absolutely
Establishing St. Petersburg
Peter fights ___________ in order to obtain the “window on Europe” on the Baltic Coast…for what purpose?
What kind of land did Peter build this port city upon? Easy or difficult?
Terrible working conditions and diseases killed many Russian serfs
Russian __________ were able to move to the new port city at St. Petersburg
Was Peter successful at westernizing Russia?

42. 5.4 DAILY Questions
How were serfs treated in Russia? Give specific details.
What was the most significant way Peter the Great westernized Russia? Explain.
Honors Only
3. Why did Peter want to bring the Orthodox Church under state control?

43. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Chapter 5 Section 5

44. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
James Stuart (King of Scotland) becomes King James I of ___________, why?
James’s Problems
Struggles with Parliament over money
Refused to make Puritan reforms like?
Charles I Fights Parliament
Takes over when James dies in 1625, at war and always needs $$$
Petition of Right
Imprisonment
Taxes
Soldiers
Martial law
How did Charles respond? Importance?

45. English Civil War
Charles wanted both of his kingdoms to follow one religion (Anglican Church)
In order to oppose the Scots Charles needs money from who?
War Topples a King
The English Civil War was fought between the __________ and the _________.
The leader of the Puritans, Oliver Cromwell captured the king and put him on trial for treason
Why was the death sentence for Charles revolutionary?

46. English Civil War Cromwell’s Rule
Cromwell establishes a republic but eventually becomes a ______________ dictatorship
Cromwell takes over Ireland, how did he treat the Irish?
Puritan Morality
Cromwell and the Puritans hope to relieve England of sinful activities such as?
Cromwell believed in religious toleration for most religions except ____________
Jews were able to come back to England as well

47. Restoration and Revolution
The son of Charles is asked to rule as England grows tired of military rule
Charles II Reigns
The period of Charles II rules is called what?
The idea of habeas corpus is introduced…what does this mean?
Parliament debated who would be Charles’s heir…why didn’t they want his brother James? Whigs and Tories emerge, significance?
James II and the Glorious Revolution
James displays his Catholicism and the English are not happy
Why were William and Mary invited to take over the English throne?

48. Limits on Monarch’s Power
England changes from a ____________ monarchy to a ____________ monarchy under William and Mary, significance?
Bill of Rights
1689 document addresses Parliament’s laws, freedom of speech and petitions against the king
Will and Mary agree to significant checks on their power
Cabinet System Develops
The cabinet serves as a mediator between Parliament and the monarchy
Under this system “the leader of the majority party in Parliament heads the cabinet and is called the prime minister” what does this mean?

49. 5.5 Daily Questions
Explain the idea of Habeas Corpus, why was it so significant for the people of England?
How did the constitutional monarchy differ from the previous absolute monarchy in England?
Honors Only
3. Why might William and Mary have been willing to accept the limits placed on their authority?