The COLD WAR Part I, 1945-1964. Causes of the Cold War: 1.Sovietization, 1944-48 A.Stalin’s security concerns B.Ideological goals 2. Truman doctrine,

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The COLD WAR Part I,

Causes of the Cold War: 1.Sovietization, A.Stalin’s security concerns B.Ideological goals 2. Truman doctrine, 1947-> A.Containment B.Marshall plan (European Recovery Program): Total: $13.3 billion

Berlin Blockade and Airlift,

Berlin Blockade and Airlift (cont.) Western Allies (USA, GB, France) united their occupation zones June 1948: New German mark introduced Stalin ordered blockade of roads and rails US and GB created airlift: To May 1949: 278,228 flights 2,326,406 tons of food, coal, other necessities

Berlin Airlift

1949: Communism spreading Soviets removed opposition in eastern Europe –1948: Czechoslovakia Soviets exploded first atomic bomb Chinese revolution NATO founded, 1949 to present

Korean War, Two rival governments: North: Soviet-supported Kim Il Sung’s communist government South: US-supported anti-communist, autocrat Syngman Rhee United Nations resolved to allow a US-led “police action” 40,000 UN forces killed (mostly American) 1.2 million Koreans killed 1 million Chinese killed

THE SOVIET BLOC

The Soviet Bloc not monolithic Josip Broz a.k.a. TITO (r ) Yugoslavia Non-alignment

1953: Stalin died

Nikita Khrushchev (r ) 1956: 20th CPSU Congress  Secret Speech “The Thaw” or De- Stalinization, Warsaw Pact formed, 1955 Sino-Soviet split (1960) Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962

De-Colonization from Europe, s French Algeria War of Independence, National Liberation Front (FLN) Franz Fanon “Third World” – Alfred Sauvy Repeated attempts at alternative international organizations

New International Organizations

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