The Cold War Era Chapter 27

Cold War Origins Section 1

Post WWII Questions What do we do with lands occupied by the Sov. Un.? How should gov’ts be set up in areas devastated by war? Meeting of the “Big 3” 1.Roosevelt – US 2.Churchill – Britain 3.Stalin – Sov. Un. Soviets agreed to hold free elections in occupied territories, Split Germany in 4 Soviets agreed to hold free elections in occupied territories, Split Germany in 4

United Nations President Harry Truman takes office 50 nations – including Sov. Un. Settle disputes, prevent war

Soviet Expansion No free elections = communist countries European Split –East – Soviet Communism – “equality”, common goods and property, massive gov’t control –West – Capitalist Democracy –“Iron Curtain” – Sov. Un. Cut off eastern Europe from the west Possible expansion south (Turkey, Greece)

Containing the Soviets Containment – preventing the expansion of power –Non military –Western Europe and Japan Truman Doctrine – help threatened nations –Greece and Turkey Marshall Plan – give economic aid to western Europe

Crisis in Berlin Germany divided –East – Soviet union –West – US, Britain, France Berlin divided Soviet blockade of Berlin American airlift – transport of supplies by air

Crisis in Berlin Two nations formed 1.East Germany – German Democratic Republic 2.West Germany – Federal Republic of Germany

Two Armed Camps Cold War – a war in which the two sides do not actually fight –US vs. SU –Building up the military NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization –US, Canada and 10 European nations –“an attack on one is an attack on all” Warsaw Pact – Soviet response to NATO –Europe further divided

US Rearms Arms Race – who can build the biggest and the best US must lead the way!!! National Securities Council US builds the largest military in HISTORY!!!

Independence Movement Philippines break from the US India, Pakistan, Burma, and 25 African nations break away from European powers

Dividing Palestine ½ to Jews, ½ to Arabs Israel to the Jews Jerusalem is an international city Constant war

Communism to China Civil War, Communist Victory Mao Zedong

Post WWII Politics Section 2

Post War Economy GI Bill of Rights –$ in loans for returning soldiers –Reduced unemployment – boosted economy Inflation – rise in prices –Removal of price controls –Availability/desire to buy things Workers seek better conditions – STRIKE! –Truman forces them back to work

Political Struggle Truman (Democrat) faces off against Republicans –“Fair Deal” 1. Raise minimum wage 2. Expand social security 3. More public housing 4. National health insurance –Republicans control congress – “Had Enough”

Election of 1948 Thomas Dewey vs. Harry Truman Chicago Tribune – “Dewey defeats Truman” ***MISTAKE!!! Truman won by narrow margin Dem’s control both houses of congress Fair Deal passes – Kind of

Civil Rights Civil Rights – ALL people receive equal rights, no discrimination Give all races equal rights Protect African Am. voting rights Desegregate the military –End racial separation

The Korean War Section 3

Road to War Korea – little known by the average American –Divided at the end of WWII – 38 th Parallel US Soviet Union Remained divided after occupation –Tensions high

Conflict Begins N. Korea wanted to unify country by force June 25, 1950 – N. Korea invades –Easy victory –Captured the capital city of Seoul Truman believed this was supported by the Soviets

UN Responds UN sends troops to assist S. Korea –Gen. Douglas MacArthur –Over 20 nations sent troops –US had the largest number

War Rages On Chinese forces help N. Korea MacArthur and Truman dispute strategy MacArthur makes bold move –Troops to South (Pusan) –Troops to the middle (Inchon) UN recaptures S. Korea

On the Offensive MacArthur wanted to press on into N. Korea –Truman allowed UN pushes north almost to Chinese border China replies “STOP OR ELSE!!!” We didn’t listen N. Korea & China recapture Seoul

American Leadership Divided By Jan UN forces recapture Seoul and push N. Korea back to 38 th Parallel –Stalemate – neither side gains ground toward victory 2 years Truman vs. MacArthur –MacArthur – we need to attack China!!! –Truman – we need peace MacArthur fired – American’s not happy

End of Conflict Peace talks for 2 years –Treaty signed – July 27, 1953 –Created a demilitarized zone – no military can enter Between North and South Korea Neither side won –54,000 Americans died, 2 million Koreans and Chinese died America accomplished their goal of containment

Historical event chart chart

The Red Scare Section 4

The Red Scare Fear of Communist subversion – sabotage Knowledge of the Soviet atomic bomb Fear that “Reds” had taken over the US –No one was safe from accusations

Cold War Fears Truman ordered investigation of all federal employees –6 million, many lost their jobs Many organizations questioned loyalty –Loyalty oaths McCarran Act – all communists have to register –Vetoed

Un-American Activities House of Un-American Activities –Investigating communist subversion Guilty by association “The Hollywood Ten” –Blacklists – lists of individuals whose loyalty was suspicious

Spies Revealed Taking gov’t secrets and giving them to the Soviets –Perjury – lying in court

McCarthyism A hunt for alleged communists –Declared w/o proof –Led by Senator Joseph McCarthy Went around claiming that the gov’t was full of communists Lost much support during Army-McCarthy hearings –Ruined the lives of many innocent people –Senate voted to censure him for misconduct Formally criticize