1. “Shoot from the Lips and not from the Hips!”
Cold War Begins
Definition: A war in which no actual fighting took place on the battlefield
“Shoot from the Lips and not from the Hips!”

2. Yalta Conference When: Feb. 1945 Who: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
What: Plan Post World War II World
Issues Discussed:
1) Dividing Germany
Divide into 4 sectors – Great Britain, French, US, and Soviets
Berlin would also be divided into 4 zones
Argument over Germany paying reparations

3. Yalta con’t Issues Discussed 2) Poland
US wanted it to be free
Soviets wanted its gov’t to be friendly for protection
Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to recognize Polish gov’t set up by Soviets
Stalin agreed to include members of prewar Polish gov’t and allow free elections in Poland ASAP
3)Declaration of a Liberated Europe
Promised the people of Europe they would help create democratic institutions of their choosing

4. Tensions from Yalta Turning point in US Soviet Relations …in a bad way
US claimed Soviets violated Declaration of Liberated Europe by pressuring Romania into a Communist gov’t
Soviets didn’t allow free elections in Poland

5. 2 Differing Goals Soviets – Protection US – Economic
Wanted to keep Germany weak and set up a ‘buffer zone’ for protection
US – Economic
Believed economic growth was key to success in Europe
Create growth through world trade, democracy and free enterprise (capitalism)

6. Potsdam Conference Truman wanted to work out a deal on Germany
Truman took a heavy stand on Germany paying reparations – did not want them to pay
Stalin imposed reparations on his sector of Germany and we would give him only a small amount of industrial equipment from West Germany
Soviets did NOT agree to uphold Declaration of Liberated Europe - NO Democracy!!!

7. Iron Curtain
Dividing line between communist east and democratic west Europe
Communist countries in the East became satellite nations
Satellite = pro Soviet gov’t that followed policies the Soviets approved; state under heavy influence or control of another

8. Containment Stop the Spread of Communism
Keep communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions

9. Containment policies

10. 1) Truman Doctrine Aid free people in their fight against communism
Gave money to Greece and Turkey to stop communism from spreading to their country

11. 2) Marshall Plan
Gave European nations American aid to rebuild their country
Western Europe’s economic recovery weakened the appeal of communism

12. 3) Berlin Airlift
US announced they were merging their sector of Germany with GB and France and allowing West Germany to hold free elections
In response the Soviets cut off (blockaded) road and rail traffic to West Berlin
US Response: fly supplies over West Berlin and drop them down on the Soviet side
May Soviets lifted the blockade after almost 1 year

13. 4) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Defense alliance
Agreed to aid any member that was attacked
Soviet response: Warsaw Pact which was their own military alliance

14. 5) Korean War Korea was divided at the 38th parallel after WWII
June 25, 1950 North Korean troops invaded South Korea
President Truman received a pledge from the UN to send troops to protect South Korea
American and S. Korean Troops had been driving back to small area called Pusan

15. Korean War con’t
American troops led by General Douglas MacArthur went behind enemy lines and landed at port of Inchon
Inchon landing surprised North Koreans who retreated back to 38th parallel
MacArthur ordered US troops north of the 38th parallel into N. Korea
Consequence: China enters the war against the US to push us back South of 38th parallel

16. General MacArthur is Fired
MacArthur wanted approval to go to war against China and use atomic bomb on China
Truman refused to expand war into China
MacArthur publicly criticized the President’s decision so he was fired for insubordination

17. Ending the Korean War Korean War expanded Cold War into Asia
33,600 Americans died
November 1951 peace negotiations started but no armistice until July 1953
President Dwight Eisenhower was elected in 1952 and promised to bring war to an end
Even though fighting ended with the armistice there was never a peace treaty to end the war
US troops are still in South Korea to protect them from North Korea

18. Cold War Causes 1) Ideology 2) Protection goals
Soviets – Communist dictatorship
US – Capitalistic Democracy
2) Protection goals
Soviets – Wanted a weak Germany and countries that bordered it to be communist
US – wanted to rebuild European economies and create democracies to protect the rest of the world
Thought economic problems led to Hitler and war
3) Mistrust and Tension
Yalta – Soviets not allowed free elections like they agreed to
Potsdam – US didn’t allow Soviets to make W. Germany pay reparations
Atomic Bomb – US did not tell of Manhattan Project
D-Day – 2nd front in Europe came much later than Stalin wanted