East Meets West The Crusades

The Crusades: Causes European Expansionism  Agricultural advances increase food supply  Capture of major areas by Muslims

Europe

Call for a Crusade  Urban II calls for Crusade, 1095  Objectives  Drive Turks from Anatolia  Provide occasion for healing Great Schism on Rome's terms  Capture Holy Land

Pope Urban II Preaching a Crusade

Major Events of Crusades  I Crusade  Achieves all major objectives in Holy Land  Turkish threat halted, though not eliminated

Major Events of Crusades  II Crusade,  Military failure, discredits Crusaders as military threat  III Crusade,  Well-known in literature (Robin Hood)

Major Events of Crusades IV Crusade,  Crusaders sack Constantinople, 1204  Chance to heal Great Schism utterly lost.

Major Events of Crusades V Crusade – Crusaders try to conquer Egypt VI Crusade 1229 – Frederick II of Germany did little fighting and a lot of negotiation which he was criticized for – Treaty gave the Crusaders Jerusalem and all the other holy cities and a truce of ten years

Major Events of Crusades VII Crusade – Led by Louis IX of France – Nearly an exact repeat of the Fifth Crusade VIII Crusade 1270 – Led by Louis IX of France – The last Crusader cities on the mainland of Palestine fell in 1291

Crusades died out  Lack of interest, rising European prosperity  Repeated military defeats  Discredited by "crusades" against Christians

Effects of Crusades  Vast increase in culture for many Europeans.  Stimulated Mediterranean trade.  Led to development of banking techniques.  Rise of the use of coats of arms  Romantic and imaginative literature.

Effects of Crusades  Knowledge introduced to Europe  Heavy stone masonry, construction of castles and stone churches.  Siege technology, tunneling, sapping.  Moslem minarets adopted as church spires  Weakening of nobility, rise of merchant classes  Europe was greatly influenced by the “East”, but had little to give in return.