1. The Crusades
World History Mr Pack

2. Events leading to Crusades
Battle of Tours- Christians defeat encroaching Muslim army in France in 732.
Christians led by Charles Martel
Result- halted Muslim spread into Europe, limited to modern day Spain

3. http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Age_of_Caliphs

4. Events leading to Crusades
In year 800 Pope crowns Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor reviving ideal of a united Christian community (Christendom).
In 1054, Great Schism occurred- Constantinople in the East (do not recognize pope’s authority) Byzantine Empire
Rome in the West

5. Knights- nobles trained as warriors
Chivalry- code of conduct for knights, stressing bravery, loyalty, and protecting the weak.
Papal Supremacy- Pope is supreme, European monarchs must follow pope.

6. Crusades
Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine forces- take over Jerusalem in 1071….prevent Christian pilgrimages.
Byzantine Emperor appeals to Pope, they unify to reclaim the Holy land (Jerusalem)

7. Crusades Appeal for knights- Religious fervor, remission of sins
Wealth and land
Sense of adventure
Pope- increase power in Europe, possibly heal schism between east and west

8. Crusades
First Crusade successful- capture Jerusalem (1099), massacre Jewish and Muslim residents
In 1187, Jerusalem falls to Muslim forces of Saladin.
King Richard the Lionhearted of England conquers his way to Jerusalem, make a treaty with Saladin; Christian merchants and unarmed pilgrims would be allowed to enter Jerusalem.

9. Crusades Failure Reasons- supply problems Occupying force needed
Funding issues
Disease
Poor planning