1. Late Middle Ages

2.  WHI12.b: demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by explaining conflicts among Eurasian powers, including the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, and the fall of Constantinople.

3.  What were key events and effects of the Crusades?  What were the effects of the Mongol invasions?  What were the effects of the Ottoman invasions of Europe?

4.  Crusades were carried out by Christian political and religious leaders to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.  Mongol armies invaded Russia, Southwest Asia, and China, creating an empire.  Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire.

5.  Pope Urban’s speech

6.  The capture of Jerusalem

7.  Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin  Sack of Constantinople by western Crusaders

8.  Weakened the Pope and nobles; strengthened monarchs  Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean area and the Middle East  Left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims  Weakened the Byzantine Empire

9.  Fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire  Became capital of the Ottoman Empire

10.  Invaded Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest Asia, destroying cities and countryside  Created an empire