CHAPTER 7 – IMMIGRANTS AND URBANIZATION U.S. HISTORY MR. ALLEN

LECTURE 7.1 – THE NEW IMMIGRANTS Immigration reached a new high in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries Immigration reached a new high in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries Europe, Asia, Mexico, the Caribbean Europe, Asia, Mexico, the Caribbean

EUROPE AND ASIA Europeans – – 20 million Europeans – – 20 million Scarcity of land and jobs Scarcity of land and jobs From 1800 to 1900 – Pop of Europe went from 200 million to 400 million From 1800 to 1900 – Pop of Europe went from 200 million to 400 million Chinese and Japanese came to the west coast Chinese and Japanese came to the west coast 1851 to 1883 about 300,000 Chinese arrived 1851 to 1883 about 300,000 Chinese arrived Hawaii annexed, ,000 Japanese lived on West Coast Hawaii annexed, ,000 Japanese lived on West Coast

Arrival by Steamship Traveling conditions harsh Traveling conditions harsh Immigrants rarely allowed on deck, crowded, spread of disease. Immigrants rarely allowed on deck, crowded, spread of disease.

ELLIS ISLAND Immigration Station Immigration Station 20% of Immigrants detained a day or more for inspection 20% of Immigrants detained a day or more for inspection Physical exam, document inspector Physical exam, document inspector

From 1892 to 1924 an estimated 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis island From 1892 to 1924 an estimated 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis island Angel Island – the equivalent on the west coast Angel Island – the equivalent on the west coast

ARRIVAL America is a melting pot America is a melting pot Native people often viewed immigrants as a threat Native people often viewed immigrants as a threat Many immigrants sought out people who shared their culture and religious views Many immigrants sought out people who shared their culture and religious views

ANTI-IMMIGRATION Favoritism towards native born Americans Favoritism towards native born Americans Anti-Immigrant groups Anti-Immigrant groups The “Right” countries – British, German, and Scandinavian stock. The “Right” countries – British, German, and Scandinavian stock.

ANTI-ASIAN SENTIMENT Work scarcity created tensions Work scarcity created tensions Chinese Exclusion Act bans almost all Chinese Chinese Exclusion Act bans almost all Chinese The Gentlemen’s agreement – Repealed school segregation for Japanese in SF if Japan would limit emigration The Gentlemen’s agreement – Repealed school segregation for Japanese in SF if Japan would limit emigration

SECTION 7.2 – The Challenges of Urbanization The rapid growth of cities forced people to contend with problems of housing, transportation, water, and sanitation The rapid growth of cities forced people to contend with problems of housing, transportation, water, and sanitation Urbanization – The growth of cities – Mainly in the NE and Midwest Urbanization – The growth of cities – Mainly in the NE and Midwest

World’s largest urban populations

URBANIZATION Most immigrants settled in cities because cities were the cheapest and most convenient place to live Most immigrants settled in cities because cities were the cheapest and most convenient place to live By 1980 there were twice as many Irish residents in NYC as in Dublin, Ireland By 1980 there were twice as many Irish residents in NYC as in Dublin, Ireland

THE AMERICANIZATION MOVEMENT Designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominant culture Designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominant culture English language classes, American History, Cooking and social etiquette. English language classes, American History, Cooking and social etiquette. Ethnic communities provide refuge Ethnic communities provide refuge

URBAN PROBLEMS Choice- Buy on the outskirts or rent in town Choice- Buy on the outskirts or rent in town Working class families left the cities and immigrants moved into their houses. Working class families left the cities and immigrants moved into their houses. Tenements – Multi-Families in one SFR residence Tenements – Multi-Families in one SFR residence

SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT Preached salvation through service to the poor Preached salvation through service to the poor Jane Addams Jane Addams