The Southern Colonies 03 English Colonies

Targets I can identify and describe life in the Southern Colonies. I can explain how slavery began in the English colonies.

Maryland 1632—Lord Baltimore was granted a charter for Maryland b/c Catholics had been persecuted in England Appointed a governor and an elected assembly. Passed the Act of Toleration that stated no Christian could be persecuted for their religious beliefs

North & South Carolina 8 nobles received grants to settle in two different areas To the north, tobacco farmers came down from Virginia to settle North Carolina To the south, a settlement called Charles Town was established for growing rice

Georgia Last colony founded (1732) Set up by James Oglethorpe for 2 reasons: 1. To prevent Spain from moving north from Florida 2. As a haven for debtors who wanted to start a new life Originally, slavery was outlawed.

Geography Rich soil, mild climate, long growing season led to an agricultural economy Tidewater Region—large farms developed called plantations ***Piedmont—foothills that lead to Appalachian Mountains

The Plantation Economy Planters 5% of society but had the most power in the South Lived in large houses on plantations Owned between 20 and 100 slaves [Slavery is using people to work for free.]

MD, VA and NC grew tobacco SC and GA grew rice and indigo

Religion & Education Most Southerners were Anglican (members of the Church of England) Education was not as important in the South. Most students were home schooled. Only wealthy planters’ sons could afford to go to college.

Bacon’s Rebellion Date: 1676 Circumstances: Farmers and settlers called on the governor of Virginia for help against Native American attacks. Gov. William Berkley refused. Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter, led an uprising against Native American villages and then burned the capital of Jamestown.

Outcomes: Berkley fled to England until Bacon died a few months later. He returned and executed the rebels. Showed how the colonists took action against tyranny. The House of Burgesses voted not to give too much power to the governor.

Slavery in the Colonies Reasons Why Slavery Flourished in the Southern Colonies Large plantations required many workers Buying a slave, instead of indentured servants, was a one-time expense

Planters owned slaves and their slaves’ children; they were considered property Racism—the belief that one race is superior to another

Slave Codes Passed to control the large numbers of slaves Set rules for slave behavior and denied slaves their rights

Origin of slavery As demand grew, Europeans offered guns and other goods to African rulers in exchange for slaves 1720s—2,000-3,000 slaves brought to the New World each year

Trip from Africa known as the Middle Passage 1. crammed into small spaces below deck 2. about 20% of all Africans shipped didn’t survive the trip

Exit Slip 1. Citing evidence from the quote, why did this written announcement encourage many British tenant farmers to come to the American colonies? 2. Most peasants had no money to pay the cost of their trip to America. How could they go if they had no money to pay for the transportation? “Any married man that shall transport himself, his wife and children, shall have assigned to him… {and his heirs} forever… for himself 100 acres, and for his wife 100 acres and for every child… 50 acres…”