1. Chapter 3 Section 3 Notes The Southern Colonies

2. I.Lord Baltimore Founds Maryland 1. 1634 – second Southern colony, Maryland, settled on Chesapeake Bay 2. New kind of society- free from religious conflicts in Europe A. The Act of Toleration 1. Catholics and Protestants continue fighting in Europe 2. English Anglicans (Church of England) including King Charles I were sympathizers 3. Baltimore receives the colony as a proprietary colony where Catholics would not be persecuted. 4. In St. Mary’s City, first capital, elected assembly passes Act of Toleration 5. Maryland based economy on tobacco a. indentured servants b. slaves B. Religious Conflict in Maryland 1. Haven for Catholics – majority were Protestants 2. 1645 – Puritans try to seize power 3. Puritans dismissed governor and replace the Act of Toleration with an anti- Catholic law 4. Act of Toleration was restored

3. II. The Carolinas 1. 1640s – England torn by civil war 2. 1660 – Charles II a. restored monarchy b. 8 supporters rewarded with land for new colony called Carolina A. Proprietors Plan Their Colony 1. owners offered settlers a. religious tolerance (Christians and Jews) b. large land grants c. political representation 2. northern regions were settled by those from Virginia 3. southern portions were settled by English colonists from the West Indies 4. 1670 – Charles Town built by English settlers from Barbados 5. after 1685 Charleston became a refuge for Huguenots B. Rice and Slavery 1. 1690s Carolinians started to export rice a. learned rice cultivation from enslaved Africans b. large labor force needed – imported large numbers of slaves from Africa 2. planters/owners lived in fear of slave revolt 3. war with Native Americans broke out because of a. capturing Native Americans to be used as slaves b. taking of native lands

4. II. The Carolinas cont. C. The Colonists Rebel 1. 1691 – group of colonists forced the proprietors to establish separate government in North Carolina 2. colonists unhappy that there was not enough military protection from the Natives and Spanish 3. 1719 – colonists overthrew proprietary rule 4. 1729 – North and South Carolina become royal colonies

5. III. Georgia 1. 1732 – James Oglethorpe received charter for Georgia 2. first settlement built in Savannah A. Ethnic and Religious Diversity 1. place where debtors, the poor and criminals could get a fresh start 2. hopes settlers would protect English colonies from the Spanish to the south and the French to the west 3. great diversity – Swiss, German, Scottish 4. all protestant groups as well as Jews welcome 5. Catholics were not welcome – fear they would join forces with the Spanish B. Oglethorpe’s Policies 1. opposed large plantations – helped poor settle small farms 2. opposed slavery – fear slaves revolts might weaken the colony 3. colonists did not like policies a. jealous of Carolina’s prosperity b. trustees legalized slavery c. Georgia became royal colony 4. Georgia turned into plantation economy

6. IV. The Region of the South 1. southern region stretched from borders of Spanish Florida to Maryland 2. share common climate and culture A. Southern Culture Develops 1. Appalachians border colonies to the west 2. on the east tidewater a. flat land along coast b. soil and climate encouraged warm-weathered crops 1. tobacco 2. rice 3. indigo 3. wealthy elite developed in Virginia and South Carolina 4. poor forced to move west to frontier 5. Anglican Church (Church of England) established 6. much diversity 7. colonists demanded say in government 8. each colony had an elected representative assembly