 Respiration

 Respiration:  Respiration: cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain carbohydrates  Cells store energy in the form of carbohydrates 1. sugars 2. starches

savings account  Energy stored in cells is like a savings account  During photosynthesis, plants capture energy from sunlight and “save” it  When cells need energy, they “withdraw” it by breaking down the carbohydrates for energy

 Respiration can mean two different things: 1. Breathing: moving air in and out of your lungs 2. Cellular Respiration: process that takes place inside cells

 Stage 1 o Takes place in the cytoplasm of the organism’s cells o Molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules o NO o NO oxygen is involved and only a small amount of energy is released  Stage 2 o Takes place in mitochondria o Small molecules are broken down into even smaller molecules o Require oxygen and release a great deal of energy

Raw materialsProducts sugaroxygen water carbon dioxide

 Can you notice anything familiar about the equation for respiration? o It is the opposite of the equation for photosynthesis  During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce sugars  During respiration, sugar glucose and oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide and water  These two processes form a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide fairly constant in Earth’s atmosphere

 an energy releasing process that does not require oxygen  fermentation releases less energy than respiration

 Alcoholic Fermentation o Occurs when yeast and some other single-celled organisms breakdown sugars o The products are: alcohol, carbon dioxide, and small amount of energy o Important to bakers and brewers  Lactic-Acid Fermentation o Muscle cells use up the oxygen faster than it could be replaced o One product of this type of fermentation is lactic acid o It is a painful sensation in your muscles, muscles feels weak and sore