1. ENERGY FOR LIFE

2. Trapping and Using Energy  Metabolism  The total of all chemical reactions in an organism  The chemical reactions of metabolism need enzymes Enzymes help cause the chemical reaction to take place The enzyme is not changed by the chemical reaction Enzymes are reusable

3. Photosynthesis  Producers  Organisms that can produce their own food  Use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar  Usually green organisms (contain chlorophyll)  Consumers  Organisms that cannot produce their own food

4. Photosynthesis  Energy from the sun is used to drive chemical reactions to produce sugar carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen (raw materials) (enzymes) (products)  In plants, the raw materials come from the soil and air.

5. Storing Carbohydrates  Plants make more sugar during photosynthesis than they can use at the time.  Changed into starch and stored  Used to make other types of carbohydrates

6. Carbohydrates  Plants use carbohydrates for:  Growth  Maintenance  Reproduction

7. Consumers  Why is photosynthesis important to consumers?  Consumers take in food by eating producers or other consumers  Photosynthesis is involved directly or indirectly in producing food for consumers

8. Respiration  Chemical reactions that break down food into simpler substances that can be used by the cell  Uses oxygen to break down the food  Stored energy is released when the food is broken down  Enzymes are needed for respiration  Occurs in all living cells

9. Breaking Down Carbohydrates  Carbohydrates are the easiest food to break down  Respiration takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell  Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules  Glucose is further broken down into simpler substances

10. Breaking Down Carbohydrates  Those simpler substances are then transported to the mitochondria  Those substances are further broken down  More energy is released  Produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products

11. Fermentation  Takes place when there is not enough oxygen for respiration to occur  Chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm only  Produces some energy and waste products  Lactic acid  Alcohol  Carbon dioxide

12. Fermentation  Some microorganisms use fermentation  Produce yogurt  Some cheeses  Yeasts  Breaks down sugar in bread Carbon dioxide (makes the bread dough rise) Alcohol

13. Related Processes  Comparing photosynthesis and respiration/fermentation  What is produced in one process is used in the other process to produce energy  The two processes are almost opposite of each other

14. Related Processes  Photosynthesis  Produces sugar and oxygen  These products used in respiration  Respiration  Produces carbon dioxide and water  These products used in photosynthesis