1. Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter 11

2. Photosynthesis
ALL living things directly or indirectly receive energy from the energy of sunlight captured during PHOTOSYNTHESIS!
During photosynthesis, plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars

3. Photosynthesis: Stage 1
Capturing the Sun’s Energy
Mostly happens in leaves
Chloroplasts (organelles in plant cell) contain pigments that absorb light
Chlorophyll, a pigment, captures light energy and uses it to power the second stage

4. Photosynthesis: Stage 2
Using Energy to Make Food
Plants need water (absorbed by roots) and carbon dioxide, a gas in the air that enters the plant through stomata (small openings on underside of the leaves)
Water and Carbon dioxide move into chloroplasts
Water and Carbon Dioxide go through a chemical reaction powered by sunlight energy.

5. Products of Photosynthesis:
Sugar – C6H1206
Type of carbohydrate(energy)
Used by cell to carry out cell functions
Oxygen -02
Exits through stomata

8. Photosynthesis VS Cellular Respiration
6 CO H20  C6H
Cellular Respiration:
C6H  6 CO H20
**THEY MIRROR EACH OTHER!
TOGETHER, THEY KEEP O2 AND CO2 LEVELS ON EARTH FAIRLY CONSTANT

10. Cellular Respiration Respiration – how cells get energy from glucose
Cells break down food (sugar) to release energy
Carried out continuously!
A “savings account” of energy
2 stages

11. Cellular Respiration Stage 1: Stage 2: In cytoplasm
Glucose are broken down into smaller molecules
Stage 2:
In mitochondria (the “powerhouse”)
Molecules broken down even smaller

13. Fermentation Provides energy to cell without using oxygen
Alcoholic Fermentation:
Ex. yeast breaks down sugar and produces energy, CO2 and alcohol.
CO2 produces air pockets, causing dough to rise
Lactic Acid Fermentation:
When muscle cells use up oxygen faster than your body can replace it