1. Photosynthesis

2. What is Photosynthesis?
The process by which plant cells make food from sunlight is called photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, cells take the energy from sunlight and change it into a food molecule, glucose.

3. Producers vs. Consumers
Organisms that produce their own food are called producers.
Another name for a producer is an autotroph.
Organisms that cannot produce their own food are called consumers.
Another name for a consumer is a heterotroph.

4. Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are green organelles found in the cytoplasm of plant cells.
Chloroplasts are green because they contain the pigment chlorophyll.

5. Chloroplasts The chlorophyll captures the sun’s energy.
This energy combines with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugar (glucose) and oxygen.

6. Photosynthesis
The raw materials for photosynthesis are water and carbon dioxide.
The products of photosynthesis are glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

7. Chemical Equation The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6O2  C6H12O6 + 6H2O

8. Bell Ringer Tuesday September 27, 2016
Look at the following steps of the flow of energy through living systems. Write them in the order that you think is correct.
Animals eat plants to get energy.
Plants absorb sunlight .
Plants use chemical energy to make organic compounds.
Light from the sun reaches Earth.
Plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.

9. Respiration

10. What is Respiration?
The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose is called respiration.
During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.

11. Storing and Releasing Energy
Think of a savings account
Money is put in to save it for when you need it later
During photosynthesis, plants capture energy from sunlight and store it in the form of sugars.
When you eat, your body stores the sugars in your body’s cells.
When both plants and animals need energy, they have to “withdraw” it by breaking down the sugars.

12. Breathing and Respiration
Breathing is when air is moved in and out of your lungs.
Respiration is the process where sugars are broken down in order to release energy.
This is sometimes called cellular respiration.

13. The Two Stages of Respiration
Like photosynthesis, respiration happens in two stages.
Stage 1 happens in the cytoplasm.
Stage 2 happens in the mitochondria.

14. Stage 1 Happens in the cytoplasm
Molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules.
Oxygen is not involved
Only a small amount of energy is released.

15. Stage 2 Happens in the mitochondria
Small molecules of sugar are broken down into even smaller particles
This requires oxygen
Releases a great deal of energy
Reason why the mitochondria are called the “powerhouses” of the cell

16. Raw Materials
The raw materials needed for respiration are glucose (sugar) and oxygen
The glucose is made by plants during photosynthesis.
Animals get the glucose from the food that they take in.
The oxygen comes from the air or water surrounding the organism.

17. Products
The products of respiration are water, carbon dioxide, and energy
The energy produced is in the form of a chemical called ATP.

18. The Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy (ATP)

19. Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration

20. Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration
Plant cells do both photosynthesis and respiration.
Animal cells only do respiration
The two processes are not reversible
They are not the exact opposite of each other
Both produce the raw materials needed for the other process

21. Fermentation
Fermentation is an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen.
Does not produce as much energy as respiration

22. Alcoholic Fermentation
Done by yeast and other single-celled organisms
Alcohol, carbon dioxide, and ATP are the products
Fermentation is responsible for making bread rise, and also for producing the alcohol in beer and wine.
The carbon dioxide bubbles create the holes in bread.

23. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Takes place in your muscles
Happens when you exercise hard
Cells don’t get enough oxygen, but still need energy
Use fermentation to change the sugars into ATP
The products are lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and ATP
When the lactic acid builds up in the muscles, it makes your muscles feel weak and sore.

24. Venn Diagram

25. Assignments that can be made up, turned in or retaken by Monday 10/3/16
Student Information Sheet
Syllabus Signature Sheet
Lab Safety Quiz
Macromolecules Lab- Turn in if you still have the paper
Test 1- Anyone can retake
Microscope Lab- Turn in if you still have the paper
Organelle Metaphor Mini-Poster- Instructions are on school website
Notebook Check 1
Cells Test- Make up if you have a 1; Retake if you have a 59 or lower
Plant Cells Article Response – Instructions are on the school website
Cell Membrane Color Sheet
Diffusion and Osmosis Lab- Turn in if you still have the sheet
Homeostasis and Transport Lab- Turn in if you still have the sheet
Photosynthesis Coloring Sheet from yesterday

26. Bell Ringer Wednesday September 28, 2016
Copy and answer the following:
In photosynthesis, is chlorophyll considered a reactant, a product, or neither?
How does the role of chlorophyll compare with the roles of CO2 and H2O?

27. Photosynthesis Video

28. Respiration Video

29. Review Question #1

30. Review Question #2

31. Review Question #3

32. Review Question #4

33. Review Question #5

34. Review Question #6

35. Review Question #7

36. Review Question #8

37. Review Question #9

38. Review Question #10

39. Review Question #11

40. Review Question #13