1. Photosynthesis and Respiration
Why are these processes important?
They provide the energy needed by all organisms.
They maintain a constant amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the environment

2. Photosynthesis What are Its Raw Materials? What are its Products?
Water which is absorbed by the plants roots.
Carbon Dioxide which is a gas in the atmosphere that passes through the stomata of the plant’s leaves.
What are Its Raw Materials?
Glucose – a sugar which provides the energy cells need.
Oxygen – needed by most organisms to perform respiration
What are its Products?

3. Why is Photosynthesis Important?
It provides all organisms with glucose.
The sugar, glucose, is the main source of energy the cells need to carry out important functions.
It releases oxygen into the atmosphere Oxygen is needed by most organisms to perform respiration.

4. What Kinds of Organisms Perform Photosynthesis?
Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food by performing photosynthesis.
Plants and some algae are autotrophs that perform photosynthesis.

5. What Are the Two Stages of Photosynthesis?
Stage One: Capturing the Sun’s Energy
Plants absorb the sun’s energy through the green pigment, chlorophyll which is in the cells of their leaves. Chlorophyll is found in the organelles called chloroplast.

6. What is the Second Stage of Photosynthesis?
Stage Two: Using energy to Make Food
The plants use the sun’s energy to produce glucose and release oxygen.

7. The Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
What does the equation mean?
It means that:
6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 6 molecules of water produce 1 molecule of glucose and 6 molecules of oxygen.

8. Respiration What are its Raw Materials? Oxygen Glucose
What are its Products?
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Energy

9. Why is Respiration Important?
Most organisms consume glucose as an energy source.
Cellular respiration is important because it releases the energy that is contained in the glucose molecules.
Respiration breaks down the glucose molecules into a form of energy the cells can use.

10. What kind of Organisms Perform Respiration
Both Autotrophs and Heterotrophs perform respiration.
Most organisms need to perform respiration in order to release the energy contained in the glucose.

11. What Are the Two Stages of Respiration
Stage One
It takes place in the cytoplasm.
The glucose molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.
No oxygen and very little energy is released for this stage.
It breaks down the glucose so that it is small enough to enter the mitochondria.

12. Stage Two It takes place in the mitochondria
The smaller glucose molecules are broken down into even smaller molecules.
Oxygen is required and a lot of energy is released.
Carbon dioxide and water is also released.
Cells store and use the energy to carry out their life processes

13. Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration
Its an energy making process.
Its raw materials are carbon dioxide and water.
Its products are glucose and oxygen.
Its an energy releasing process.
Its raw materials are glucose and oxygen.
Its products are carbon dioxide, water and energy.

14. Opposite Processes
Respiration and Photosynthesis are opposite processes. Each process uses the other’s products as its raw materials.
In this way, photosynthesis and respiration recycle carbon dioxide and oxygen in our environment.
This keeps the levels of these gases fairly constant in our atmosphere.

15. Respiration Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
It means 1 glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules yields or produces 6 carbon dioxide molecules , 6 water molecules and energy.

16. What is Fermentation
Fermentation provides energy for cells without using oxygen.
Organisms that live in environments that contain no oxygen need to use fermentation to release energy for their cells to use.

17. What Are the Two Forms of Fermentation?
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic-Acid Fermentation

18. Alcoholic Fermentation
Used by yeast and other single-celled organisms.
Its products are alcohol and carbon dioxide.
These products are used by bakers and brewers.

19. Lactic-Acid Fermentation
Used by some organisms when oxygen in their bodies have been used up too quickly. Ex. Humans
This process is used by most cells when oxygen is not available and energy is needed.
It produces lactic acid which causes muscles to feel weak, sore and tired. Ex. A leg cramp

20. The End