2. Respiration: how plants & animals break down sugar Chapter 4, Sec.2 Respiration: how plants & animals break down sugar

3. Terms:  Respiration is the main process that cells use to get energy from glucose.  Fermentation is a way to produce energy without using oxygen.  Breathing is the movement of gases in and out of an organism.  Respiration is the main process that cells use to get energy from glucose.  Fermentation is a way to produce energy without using oxygen.  Breathing is the movement of gases in and out of an organism.

4. Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. The mitochondria produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is a form of energy cells can use.

5. Mitochondria = “powerhouse” Produces large amounts of ATP from glucose that the cell uses for energy

6. Two stages of Respiration  Stage 1: Glucose breaks into smaller molecules in the cytoplasm and a small amount of energy is released.  Stage 2: In the mitochondria, small molecules react with oxygen and lots of energy is released. Carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products.  Stage 1: Glucose breaks into smaller molecules in the cytoplasm and a small amount of energy is released.  Stage 2: In the mitochondria, small molecules react with oxygen and lots of energy is released. Carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products.

7.  The Reactants of respiration: - oxygen (O 2 ): Breathing supplies your cells with O 2 - glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ): from the plant food you eat  The Reactants of respiration: - oxygen (O 2 ): Breathing supplies your cells with O 2 - glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ): from the plant food you eat

8.  The products of respiration: - water (H 2 O) - carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) - ATP (Energy)  The products of respiration: - water (H 2 O) - carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) - ATP (Energy)

9. # 4 - OXYGEN (absorbed from air) GLUCOSE (simple sugar from food) CARBON DIOXIDE (released as waste) WATER (released as waste) ATP (stored or used for energy)

10. C 6 H 12 O 6 O 2 CO 2 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP GlucoseOxygenCarbonWater Dioxide Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon + Water + Dioxide Products ATP

11. Do you see the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

12. They’re OPPOSITES!! EnergyCO 2 H 2 OC 6 H 12 O 6 O 2 Energy + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS

13. Photosynthesis Equation: light energy (in) CO 2 + H 2 O ---> C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Respiration Equation: C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 ---> CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP energy (out)

14.  Respiration and photosynthesis can be thought of as opposite reactions.  Photosynthesis and respiration together keep the levels of O 2 and CO 2 fairly constant in the atmosphere…but that has changed.  Respiration and photosynthesis can be thought of as opposite reactions.  Photosynthesis and respiration together keep the levels of O 2 and CO 2 fairly constant in the atmosphere…but that has changed.

15. Plants produce Oxygen Organisms use oxygen Plants use carbon dioxide Organisms produce Carbon Dioxide

16. What is the main difference between cellular respiration and fermentation?

17. FermentationFermentation  This is an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen but.. produces less ATP. Two Types: Alcoholic Fermentation: Bacteria and Yeast cells – make ATP from sugar and produce CO2 and alcohol. Lactic Acid Fermentation: Muscle cells – make ATP from sugar and produce lactic acid.  This is an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen but.. produces less ATP. Two Types: Alcoholic Fermentation: Bacteria and Yeast cells – make ATP from sugar and produce CO2 and alcohol. Lactic Acid Fermentation: Muscle cells – make ATP from sugar and produce lactic acid.

18. Less ATP? Why do cells bother with fermentation?

19. Muscle Cells When you are exercising strenuously (ex: sprinting) you are not able to take in enough oxygen to supply your cells, so your muscles use fermentation to produce ATP. The lactic acid that is produced causes that burning sensation while exercising.

20. Bacteria & Yeast Cells Fermentation by bacteria or yeast is used in making some foods & beverages. Examples: dill pickles, olives, sauerkraut, cheeses, bread, yogurt, beer & wine