Chapter 17 Section 1 Section 1 The Cold War The Cold War

Chapter Superpowers

The Yalta Conference ChurchillRooseveltStalin February, 1945 Free Elections?

Yalta Divided Germany into zones to be occupied by the allies Divided Germany into zones to be occupied by the allies Germany would have to pay the Soviet Union for its loss of life and property Germany would have to pay the Soviet Union for its loss of life and property Stalin promised free elections in the areas occupied by the Soviets Stalin promised free elections in the areas occupied by the Soviets The Catch? The Catch?

Dividing Germany

United Nations Peacekeeping group Peacekeeping group General AssemblyGeneral Assembly Every member has a voteEvery member has a vote 11 Members of a Security Council11 Members of a Security Council 5 permanent members: the US, USSR, Britain, France, China 5 permanent members: the US, USSR, Britain, France, China All with veto power All with veto power Prevent WWIII Prevent WWIII

The Potsdam Conference ChurchillTrumanStalin July, 1945 No Elections

Potsdam Soviets want a buffer between themselves and Germany Soviets want a buffer between themselves and Germany Stalin installed or helped Communist governments into power in Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland and Yugoslavia Stalin installed or helped Communist governments into power in Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland and Yugoslavia This broke his agreement for free elections This broke his agreement for free elections Stalin’s threat: “Communism & Capitalism could not coexist in the world Stalin’s threat: “Communism & Capitalism could not coexist in the world

USA vs. USSR USA USA DemocracyDemocracy*Truman CapitalismCapitalism USSR USSR Dictatorship *Stalin Communism

The Iron Curtain Speech from Churchill in March, 1946 Speech from Churchill in March, 1946 Line cutting USSR off from the rest of the world Line cutting USSR off from the rest of the world The Western Allies combined their zones into the Federal Republic of Germany The Western Allies combined their zones into the Federal Republic of Germany the Soviets created the German Democratic Republic the Soviets created the German Democratic Republic

Containment Policy Keep communism where it is at. DO NOT ALLOW Communism to spread Keep communism where it is at. DO NOT ALLOW Communism to spread The Truman Doctrine: provide aid to any nation resisting a communist take over The Truman Doctrine: provide aid to any nation resisting a communist take over Turkey & Greece: $400 million to help fight communism Turkey & Greece: $400 million to help fight communism

The Marshall Plan Secretary of State- George Marshall Secretary of State- George Marshall War left Europe in ruins War left Europe in ruins Food, money, supplies to any country in need Food, money, supplies to any country in need $12.5 billion in aid to 17 countries $12.5 billion in aid to 17 countries Stalin NOT happy Stalin NOT happy WHY? WHY?

The Berlin Airlift U.S.S.R. held West Berlin hostage U.S.S.R. held West Berlin hostage 11 months-airlift 11 months-airlift Food, gas, medical supplies Food, gas, medical supplies 277,000 flights- landed every 3 minutes 277,000 flights- landed every 3 minutes Blockade lifted in 1949 Blockade lifted in 1949

Alliances USA and the West- North Atlantic Treaty Organization USA and the West- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Soviet Union and the East- Warsaw Pact Soviet Union and the East- Warsaw Pact

NATO in blue Warsaw Pact in pink

U2 Spy Plane Incident High altitude spy plane High altitude spy plane Shot Down Shot Down Gary Powers Gary Powers 19 Months- Released 19 Months- Released

Arms Race Soviets test their own atomic bomb Soviets test their own atomic bomb 1952 US tests the H- bomb/ year later the USSR does the same 1952 US tests the H- bomb/ year later the USSR does the same arms race arms race arms race arms race

Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles & President Eisenhower John Foster Dulles & President Eisenhower The willingness to go to the brink of nuclear war to prevent nuclear war The willingness to go to the brink of nuclear war to prevent nuclear war Massive amounts of money are spent to create the ability to retaliate instantly in case of a nuclear attack Massive amounts of money are spent to create the ability to retaliate instantly in case of a nuclear attack Long range bombers with massive payloads Long range bombers with massive payloads

Space Race USSR Sputnik USSR Sputnik USA USA BEHIND!! BEHIND!! Race to the Moon Race to the Moon

Laika in Sputnik 2(1957)

“One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” USA lands on Moon USA lands on Moon

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

Berlin Wall Built By USSR