THE 13 ORIGINAL COLONIES

Different Types of Colonies Operated by joint-stock companies. Jamestown Charter Colonies Under direct authority and rule of king’s government. MA, NH, NY, NJ, VA, NC, SC, GA Royal Colonies Under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king. PA, MD, DE, Proprietary Colonies

New England Middle Southern The 13 colonies can be placed into 3 geographic regions.

Massachusetts  Pilgrims settle in Plymouth, 1620  Puritans settle in Massachusetts Bay, 1630  As colonies expanded they led to formation of new colonies.

Rhode Island  Formed by Roger Williams in  Williams believed in religious freedom and separation of church and state.  He also believed colonists had no right to take land from the natives.  Williams escaped arrest by fleeing MA and forming a new colony.

New Hampshire & Connecticut  Some settlers from Massachusetts moved north to found New Hampshire in  Other settlers from Massachusetts formed colony of Connecticut in 1636  These settlers sought greater religious and economic freedom.

Most diverse region.

The Society of Friends The Quakers  Rejected Calvinist belief in predestination  Believed salvation available to all  Salvation came, not from the church, but by following the “inner light” of God’s spirit  Called Quakers because they seemed to shake when they felt religious enthusiasm.  As pacifists, they opposed war  Believed in gender equality- women had right to speak at public meetings  Refused to swear oaths  Faced violent persecution in England and the colonies.

Pennsylvania & Delaware  In 1680 king granted this land to William Penn, a Quaker.  He negotiated a treaty of friendship with Native Americans and paid them for the land.  PA experienced no major India wars.  PA=William Penn’s “holy experiment”  Guaranteed every male adult 50 acres and right to vote  Representative assembly and freedom of religion  Penn argued in favor of religious tolerance.  Helped plan capital, Philadelphia, the “city of brotherly love.”  People migrated to PA from many parts of Europe.  Delaware was originally part of PA.

New York & New Jersey  Henry Hudson explored the New World for the Dutch in  Dutch colony of “New Netherland” was established.  Dutch encouraged settlers from different parts of Europe and promised religious tolerance.  In 1664 New Netherland was taken by the English and renamed “New York” after the Duke of York.  He gave part of the land to friends… that part became New Jersey.

Virginia  Jamestown settled in  Purpose of colony was to make a profit for the joint-stock company.  Tobacco=cash crop  1 st African slaves brought to VA in 1619.

Maryland  In 1632, English crown gives 12 million acres of land to Lord Baltimore  Maryland, named after Queen Mary, was similar to VA because of tobacco plantations and use of slave labor.  Lord Baltimore was Catholic. He intended colony to be a refuge for persecuted Catholics.  Act of Toleration (1649)-policy of religious toleration for Christians. Catholics Welcome in Maryland!

South & North Carolina  These colonies were established in  In SC, planters presided over vast estates and relied heavily on slave labor.  Rice became a staple crop.  Slaves outnumbered whites as early as By 1730 there were twice as many slaves as whites in SC.  Stono Rebellion of largest slave uprising in colonial America.  In NC, farmers established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms.  NC was scene of bitter warfare with Native Americans

Georgia  The last colony was established in  Britain wanted a defensive buffer between its colonies and the Spanish colonies in Florida.

Critical Thinking…  In what ways were the 13 colonies different from one another?  What did the 13 colonies have in common?

 Which colony was most unique?  Most successful?  Most troublesome for the future?