WWII and Cold War Overview Unit 6 Test Review

How did the Great Depression Affect the World? O People began to distrust Democracy O Led to rise of totalitarianism (all aspects of society are controlled by the government) O Soviet Union O Became Communist after Russian Revolution O Stalin came to power and worked to strengthen Communist style government O Italy O Fascism – Glorify state over individual O Mussolini promised to end corruption and upheld government by use of terror O Germany O Hated Treaty of Versailles and economy was devastated by treaty and then Depression in US O Hitler founded the Nazi party and promised to better the economic situation O Japan O Became an industrial power after WWI and continued to expand by practicing imperialism

Weaknesses of the League of Nations Four Freedoms Speech O Never recovered from America’s refusal to join O No standing army O Short on action. O Roosevelt argued that the US and Britain were natural allies because they both stood for: O Freedom of speech O Freedom of worship O Freedom from want O Freedom from fear O Purpose  Encourage support for Britain O Created in 1945 after WWII to prevent future conflicts O A place for countries to resolve problems peacefully O America did join United Nations

Effect of WWII on US Economy Lend-Lease Act O Economy improved after WWII due to increase in production O US declared that it would lend or lease weapons to nations considered “vital to the defense of the US” Neutrality Act of 1939 O Cash & Carry Terms O Allowed purchase of arms from US under 2 conditions O Must pay in cash O Must transport materials themselves to their country Potsdam Conference O Big Three (US, USSR, Britain) divide Germany into 4 zones of occupation.

American Enters WWII O Japan is practicing imperialism O U.S. places an embargo on Japan for oil and steel to stop expansion O Japan declares war and bombs Pearl Harbor O America declares war and enters WWII

D-Day Invasion (June 1944) O Turning point in European Front O German front broken and they would never again attack the Allies Atomic Bomb O Japanese were warned to surrender or face consequences O US dropped Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki O Claimed it was the best way to force surrender of Japan with the least loss of life Battle of Midway (June 1942) O Turning point in Pacific Front O Japanese attack US, but lose and are no longer able to mount any offensive attacks for the remainder of the war

Truman Doctrine Eisenhower Doctrine O Declaration of war on spread of Communism O US would use force to help any Middle East nation threatened by Communism. Marshall Plan O Provide financial aid to European countries to help rebuild them O Financial stability will help them fight the threat of communism Berlin Airlift O Soviet Union placed blockade around West Berlin O UK and US fly in supplies to West Berlin O Airlift is successful, so Soviet Union lifts blockade

Korean War Khrushchev O Korea was split at the 38 th parallel O North – Communist O South – Democratic O North invaded South in order to reunite into a completely Communist country O US ally with South Korea O China ally with North Korea O Stalin’s successor O Not as suspicious or cruel as Stalin O Wanted to establish a “peaceful co-existence” between Communism and Democracy

Super Powers O US and USSR (Soviet Union) O Emerged after WWII Julius and Ethel Rosenberg O Couple charged with passing secret information about nuclear science to Soviet agents. O Sentenced to death. NATO and Warsaw Pact O Defense alliance O If one member is attacked, all other members are expected to respond

Trace how the US went from practicing Isolationism after WWI to emerging as a world Super Power during the Cold War