1. All living things are made of _____________. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism (= basic unit of __________) 3. New cells are produced from _________________ cells CELL THEORY CELL SIZE ___________ cells > _________ cells > _____________

HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as LIPID ________________ with POLAR heads facing _______ & NON-POLAR tails facing ________ CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE) Made mainly of ____________________ and _________________ MEMBRANE PROTEINS ____________________- stick on inside or outside surface ____________________- go part way or all the way through _________________ - recognize “self” _______________ PROTEINS- move molecules across membrane Membranes are _________________________________ (=Semi-permeable) Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keep others out ___________ what enters & leaves cell Helps with _________________ __________________ = gel-like material + organelles between nucleus and cell membrane FUNCTION:

NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS Surrounded by _____________ MEMBRANE called the NUCLEAR __________________  ___________ CENTER OF CELL  Nuclear ___________ allow molecules in & out  CONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL (_______)  Dark spot = NUCLEOLUS makes ___________________ (RNA) DNA is scrunched up as ______________ in dividing cells. DNA is spread out as ________________ in non-dividing cells.

CYTOSKELETON Made of PROTEINS called ______________ & _________________ FUNCTION: _________________________ ___________________________________

Made of __________________________ Only seen in _______________ cells during cell division Function:__________________________________ CENTRIOLES

MITOCHONDRION (pl. MITOCHONDRIA) Surrounded by _____________ membrane Contains its own ___________ _______________ of cell Burns ____________ Stores energy released as ______ Folded inner membrane = _________________ (increases surface area for more chemical reactions)

RIBOSOMES Can be __________________ or __________ to Rough ER MADE OF ______________ & ________ FUNCTION: _____________________

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ROUGH ER SMOOTH ER (with ribosomes) (no ribosomes) Internal Network of ___________________ Rough ER: Attached ribosomes make _________________ which are modified and transported to Golgi for export Smooth ER: Makes membrane lipids (__________________) Regulates ________________ in muscles Breaks down _________________ in liver

GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY) Looks like a “______________________” Made of ______________________ FUNCTION: Modify, sort, & package substances from ER for ______________ or _______________ out of cell

CILIA & FLAGELLA Made of PROTEINS called _______________ organized in a _________ arrangement that help with ___________________ CILIA =________ & __________ FUNCTION: ______________________ ________________________________ FLAGELLA =______ & ________ FUNCTION: _________________

CELL WALL Found OUTSIDE the ____________________ Provides ____________ & ________________ ___________________ makes plant cells sturdy Bacteria have cell walls made of _______________

VACUOLES Storage space for: _______________ Huge in __________cells, small in _____________ cells, Not in _________________

CHLOROPLAST Surrounded by ____________ membrane Has own ________ _____________ = membrane sacs inside Contain CHLOROPHYLL where _______________________ happens FOUND ONLY IN _____________ CELLS

DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA ANIMAL CELLPLANT CELLBACTERIA Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Cell membrane Nuclear membrane NO nuclear membrane NO cell wallCell wall made of CELLULOSE Cell wall made of PEPTIDOGLYCAN Has ribosomes DNA in multiple chromosomes DNA is a single circular ring CYTOSKELETON Small vacuolesReally big vacuoleNO vacuoles Has lysosomes NO lysosomes Has centriolesNO centrioles NO chloroplastsChloroplastsNO chloroplasts SMALLERSMALLSMALLEST