1. Chapter 7-2 Cell Structure and Function
Ribosome (attached)
Nucleolus
Ribosome (free)
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved

2. CELL MEMBRANE (also called plasma membrane)
Barrier that surrounds the outside of the cell
Outside
of cell
Inside
(cytoplasm)
Cell
membrane
Proteins
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
Carbohydrate
chains
Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved

3. WHAT DOES IT DO? Acts as a boundary
Images from:
Acts as a boundary
Controls what enters and leaves cell

4. CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell membrane)
Image from:
Organelles suspended
in gel-like goo
ORGANELLE- small structure with a specific function (job)
Image from:

5. NUCLEUS Largest organelle in animal cells
Image from:

6. NUCLEUS Surrounded by NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (also called NUCLEAR MEMBRANE)
DOUBLE MEMBRANE
Image from:

7. NUCLEUS
NUCLEAR PORES
Openings to allow molecules to move in and out of nucleus
Image from:

8. WHAT DOES IT DO? Contains genetic material (DNA) DNA is scrunched up
as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells
DNA is spread out
as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells

9. WHAT DOES IT DO? Control center of cell Genetic code tells the
Image from:
Genetic code tells the
cell’s parts what to do
Image from:

10. NUCLEOLUS Dark spot in nucleus = __________ NUCLEOLUS
Image from:
Dark spot in nucleus = __________
NUCLEOLUS
Makes RNA for ribosomes

11. CYTOSKELETON Helps cell maintain shape Help move organelles around
Image from:
CYTOSKELETON
Helps cell maintain shape
Help move organelles around
Made of PROTEINS:
MICROFILAMENTS (Actin)
& MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)
Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved

12. CENTRIOLES
Appear during cell division to guide chromosomes apart

13. MITOCHONDRION (plural=MITOCHONDRIA)
Look like “little sausages”
Image from:

14. MITOCHONDRIA Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Has its own DNA
Folded inner membrane increases surface area for more chemical
reactions
Image from:

15. MITOCHONDRIA Come from cytoplasm in EGG
You inherit your mitochondria from your mother!

16. WHAT DOES IT DO? “Powerplant of cell” Burns glucose to release energy
Images from:
“Powerplant of cell”
Burns glucose to
release energy
Stores energy as ATP
Image by: Riedell

17.  RIBOSOMES Made of PROTEINS and RNA
Protein factory for cell Join amino acids to make proteins 
Image by: RIedell
Image from:

18. RIBOSOMES Can be attached to Rough ER OR free in cytoplasm
Image from:
Can be attached to Rough ER OR
free in cytoplasm
Image from:

19. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Network of hollow membrane tubules
2 KINDS:
SMOOTH or ROUGH
Image from:

20. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (Rough ER)
Animation from:
Makes membrane proteins and proteins for export out of cell
Image from:

21. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Has RIBOSOMES attached
Proteins are made on ribosomes and inserted into Rough ER to be modified and transported
Image from:

22. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER)
Image from:
Has NO ribosomes attached
Has enzymes for special tasks

23. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER)
Image from:
Makes membrane lipids (steroids)
Regulates calcium (muscle cells)
Destroys toxic substances (Liver)

24. GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Image from:
Image from:
Pancake like membrane stacks
Modify, sort, & package
molecules from ER
for storage OR transport out of cell
Image from:

25. LYSOSOMES Digest food, unwanted molecules,
Animation from:
Membrane bound sacs that contain PROTEINS called digestive enzymes
Digest food, unwanted molecules,
old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc

26. LYSOSOMES See lysosomes in action:
Image modified from:

27. LYSOSOMES See LYSOSOME MOVIE
Image from:

28. FLAGELLA & CILIA Aid in cell movement
Made of
PROTEINS
called
MICROTUBULES
(9 + 2 arrangement)
Image from:

29. WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT PLANT CELLS?
Cell wall
HUGE vacuoles
Chloroplasts
No centrioles
Plant vs Animal cells

30. CELL WALL Supports and protects cell
Outside of cell membrane Made of carbohydrates & proteins
Plant cell walls are mainly _____________
CELLULOSE

31. VACUOLES Storage space
Image from:
Storage space

32. VACUOLES
Image from:
Storage space for WATER, salts, proteins (enzymes), carbohydrates, and waste
Vacuoles SMALL in ANIMAL CELLS NO VACUOLES IN BACTERIA

33. Contractile vacuoles control excess water in cells (HOMEOSTASIS) 1

34. CHLOROPLASTS Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)
Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)

35. CHLOROPLASTS Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane
Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane
Thylakoid membrane sacs contain enzymes for photosynthesis
Contains own DNA

36. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(attached)
(free)
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Cell
Membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant Cell

37. DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA ANIMAL CELL
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
NO nuclear membrane
NO cell wall
Cell wall made of CELLULOSE
Cell wall made of PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA is a single circular ring
CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles
Really big vacuole
NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes
NO lysosomes
Has centrioles
NO centrioles
NO chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
SMALLER
SMALL
SMALLEST