1. Cell Organelles Section 7.3

2. Cell Wall  Found outside some cell membranes  It provides support and protection  Made of cellulose

3. Cell Membrane  Controls what enters and leaves the cell  Made of lipids and proteins

4. Nucleus  Leader of the eukaryotic cell because it contains DNA  Every part of the cell depends on proteins to do its jobs, so by containing the blueprint to make proteins, the nucleus controls the activities of all the organelles

6. Chromatin  Strands of genetic material spread around the inside of the nucleus

7. Ribosomes and the Nucleolus  Ribosomes are created inside the nucleolus.  In order for proteins to be made, ribosomes must move from the nucleus to the cytopasm.

9. Cytoplasm  Fluid filled area within the cell  Site of chemical reactions

10. Nuclear envelope  The membrane surrounding all the nuclear material.  Nucleoplasm-the fluid within the nucleus  Nuclear pores in the envelope allow materials to pass into and out of the nucleus

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum  A transport network of tubes and channels  Sites of chemical reactions  Rough ER- has ribosomes attached to the tubes to the tubes

12. Folded Membranes  Folded membranes add surface area for reactions to take place.  The mitochondria and the chloroplast have many folded membranes

13. Ribosomes  Ribosomes are the sites for protein synthesis.

14. Golgi Apparatus  Structure that modifies and packages proteins  Made from pieces of the ER

15. Vacuoles  Temporary storage sites for food, water, and waste  Very large in the plant cell for water storage and turgor pressure

16. Lysosomes  Membrane bound structure that contains digestive enzymes.  Lysosomes in a tadpoles tail release their enzymes and destroy the tail cells, so the tail recedes

17. Processes the need Energy  Reproduction  Movement  Transportation  Digestion  Protein production  Protein modification

18. Chloroplast  Converts the sun’s energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis

19. Plastids  Store pigments and starches in plant cells  Chloroplast- stores chlorophyll (green)  Chromoplast- stores other pigments  Leukoplast-stores starches leukoplasts chromoplasts

20. Mitochondria  Releases energy from food during the process of CELLULAR RESPIRATION

21. Cytoskeleton  Thin, fibrous elements that provide support for organelles  Microtubules- thin, hollow cylinders made of protein  Microfilments - thin, solid protein fibers

22. Cytoskeleton

23. Cilia and Flagella  Cilia- tiny hair-like projections used in cell movement  Flagella- whip-like or tail-like appendage used in cell movement

24. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote  Prokaryote  Have cell wall  Have cell membrane  Have ribosomes  Have a circular chromosome  Ex: bacteria  Eukaryote  Well defined nucleus  Have membrane bound organelles  DNA in the form of chromatin or chromosomes  Some have a cell wall  Ex: plants, fungi, animals, protists

25. Eukaryote Prokaryote

27. Plants vs. Animals  Plant  Contain plastids  Have a cell wall  Have a large vacuole  No centrioles  Animal  No plastids  No cell wall  Small vacuoles  Have centrioles that function during cell division

29. Cell division in Ascaris megalocephala bivalens, in high optical enlargement, 1901.