1. Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function
Ribosome (attached)
Nucleolus
Ribosome (free)
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
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2. A CELL is . . . made of MOLECULES
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A CELL is made of MOLECULES
ATOMS
MOLECULES
ORGANELLES
_______  ___________ ___________

3. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS
WITH
Cells __________ a NUCLEUS AND
ORGANELLES surrounded by MEMBRANES
= _________________
Cells __________ a _____________ OR
ORGANELLES surrounded by _______________
= ________________
WITHOUT
NUCLEUS
MEMBRANES
EUKARYOTES
PROKARYOTES
Bacterial Cell

4. CELL MEMBRANE (also called plasma membrane)
Cell membranes are made mainly of ________________ & __________________
PHOSPHOLIPIDS PROTEINS
Outside
of cell
Inside
(cytoplasm)
Cell
membrane
Proteins
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
Carbohydrate
chains
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5. LIPID TAILS ARE HYDROPHOBIC
HYDROPHILIC 
HYDROPHOBIC 
Image by Riedell

6. Oil and water don’t mix!
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7. PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
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8. CELL MEMBRANE PERIPHERAL INTEGRAL
Proteins that stick on the surface = _____________ (either inside or outside of cell)
Proteins that stick INTO membrane = ________________
(can go part way in or all the way through)
PERIPHERAL
INTEGRAL

9. GLYCOPROTEINS Recognize “self”
GLYCOPROTEINS are PROTEINS with carbohydrates attached
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10. TRANSPORT PROTEINS help move substances across the cell membrane
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More on this in Chapter 7-3

11. WHAT DOES IT DO? Acts as a boundary
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Acts as a boundary
Controls what enters and leaves cell

12. Cell membranes MOVE! Molecules in cell membranes are
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Molecules in cell membranes are
constantly moving and changing

13. CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell membrane)
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Organelles suspended
in gel-like goo
ORGANELLE- small structure with a specific function (job)
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14. NUCLEUS Largest organelle in animal cells
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15. NUCLEUS Surrounded by NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (also called NUCLEAR MEMBRANE)
DOUBLE MEMBRANE
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16. NUCLEUS
NUCLEAR PORES
Openings to allow molecules to move in and out of nucleus
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17. WHAT DOES IT DO? Contains genetic material (DNA) DNA is scrunched up
as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells
DNA is spread out
as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells

18. WHAT DOES IT DO? Control center of cell Genetic code tells the
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Genetic code tells the
cell’s parts what to do
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19. NUCLEOLUS Dark spot in nucleus = __________ NUCLEOLUS
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Dark spot in nucleus = __________
NUCLEOLUS
Makes RNA for ribosomes

20. CYTOSKELETON Helps cell maintain shape Help move organelles around
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CYTOSKELETON
Helps cell maintain shape
Help move organelles around
Made of PROTEINS:
MICROFILAMENTS (Actin)
& MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)
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21. CENTRIOLES
Appear during cell division to guide chromosomes apart

22. CENTRIOLES/MITOTIC SPINDLE
Made of MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)
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23. MITOCHONDRION (plural=MITOCHONDRIA)
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24. MITOCHONDRIA Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Has its own DNA
Folded inner membrane increases surface area for more chemical
reactions
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25. MITOCHONDRIA Come from cytoplasm in EGG
You inherit your mitochondria from your mother!

26. WHAT DOES IT DO? “Powerplant of cell” Burns glucose to release energy
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“Powerplant of cell”
Burns glucose to
release energy
Stores energy as ATP
Image by: Riedell

27.  RIBOSOMES Made of PROTEINS and RNA
Protein factory for cell Join amino acids to make proteins 
Image by: RIedell
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28. RIBOSOMES Can be attached to Rough ER OR free in cytoplasm
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Can be attached to Rough ER OR
free in cytoplasm
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29. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Network of hollow membrane tubules
2 KINDS:
SMOOTH or ROUGH
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30. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (Rough ER)
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Makes membrane proteins and proteins for export out of cell
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31. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Has RIBOSOMES attached
Proteins are made on ribosomes and inserted into Rough ER to be modified and transported
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32. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER)
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Has NO ribosomes attached
Has enzymes for special tasks

33. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER)
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Makes membrane lipids (steroids)
Regulates calcium (muscle cells)
Destroys toxic substances (Liver)

34. GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
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Pancake like membrane stacks
Modify, sort, & package
molecules from ER
for storage OR transport out of cell
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35. LYSOSOMES Digest food, unwanted molecules,
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Membrane bound sacs that contain PROTEINS called digestive enzymes
Digest food, unwanted molecules,
old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc

36. LYSOSOMES
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37. LYSOSOMES
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38. “PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH” = ______________________ APOPTOSIS
Lysosomes help
digest unwanted
cells

39. Apoptosis plays a role in: Embryonic development
Normal body cell maintenance Immune system responses
Cancer
AIDS infection
Transplant rejection

40. FLAGELLA & CILIA Made of PROTEINS called MICROTUBULES
(9 + 2 arrangement)
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41. FLAGELLA
Help in cell movement

42. CILIA
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Move cell itself

43. CILIA Move substances past cells

44. CILIA FLAGELLA WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? Many short Few Long
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Few
Long

45. WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT PLANT CELLS?
Cell wall
HUGE vacuoles
Chloroplasts
No centrioles

46. CELL WALL Supports and protects cell
Outside of cell membrane Made of carbohydrates & proteins
Plant cell walls are mainly _____________
CELLULOSE

47. VACUOLES Storage space
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Storage space

48. VACUOLES
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Storage space for WATER, salts, proteins (enzymes), carbohydrates, and waste
Vacuoles SMALL in ANIMAL CELLS NO VACUOLES IN BACTERIA

49. Contractile vacuoles control excess water in cells (HOMEOSTASIS) 1

50. CHLOROPLASTS Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)
Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)

51. CHLOROPLASTS Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane
Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane
Thylakoid membrane sacs contain enzymes for photosynthesis
Contains own DNA

52. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(attached)
(free)
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Cell
Membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant Cell

53. WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT BACTERIAL CELLS?
Cell wall
NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
DNA is circular
No membrane bound organelles

54. BACTERIA have a CELL WALL BUT…
IT’S MADE OF DIFFERENT MOLECULES than plant cell walls!
_______________ NOT CELLULOSE!
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PEPTIDOGLYCAN

55. WHICH IS BIGGER? _________ > _____________ > ___________
Plant cell
Animal cell
bacteria
_________ > _____________ > ___________

56. DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA ANIMAL CELL
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
NO nuclear membrane
NO cell wall
Cell wall made of CELLULOSE
Cell wall made of PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA is a single circular ring
CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles
Really big vacuole
NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes
NO lysosomes
Has centrioles
NO centrioles
NO chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
SMALLER
SMALL
SMALLEST

57. BACTERIA are PROKARYOTES PLANTS & ANIMALS are EUKARYOTES
No membrane
bound organelles
Organelles with membranes
BACTERIA are PROKARYOTES
PLANTS & ANIMALS
are EUKARYOTES

58. USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANKS TO COMPLETE THE VENN DIAGRAM COMPARISON