1. CELL THEORY CELL SIZE Cells life existing PLANT ANIMAL BACTERIA
1. All living things are made of _____________. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism (= basic unit of __________) 3. New cells are produced from _________________ cells
Cells
life
existing
PLANT
ANIMAL
BACTERIA
___________ cells > _________ cells > _____________

2. CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE)
phospholipids proteins
Made mainly of ____________________ and _________________
HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as
LIPID ________________ with POLAR heads facing _______ &
NON-POLAR tails facing ________
out
BILAYER in
MEMBRANE PROTEINS
____________________- stick on inside or outside surface
____________________- go part way or all the way through
_________________ - recognize “self”
_______________ PROTEINS- move molecules across membrane
PERIPHERAL
INTEGRAL
GLYCOPROTEINS
TRANSPORT
FUNCTION:
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
Membranes are _________________________________
(=Semi-permeable)
Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keep others out
___________ what enters & leaves cell Helps with _________________
CONTROLS
HOMEOSTASIS
cytoplasm
__________________ = gel-like material + organelles between
nucleus and cell membrane

3. NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS DOUBLE ENVELOPE CONTROL PORES DNA RIBOSOMES
Surrounded by ______________ MEMBRANE called the NUCLEAR __________________
___________ CENTER OF CELL
Nuclear ___________ allow molecules in & out
CONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL (_______)
Dark spot = NUCLEOLUS makes ___________________ (RNA)
ENVELOPE
CONTROL
PORES
DNA
RIBOSOMES
CHROMOSOMES
DNA is scrunched up as ______________
in dividing cells.
CHROMATIN
DNA is spread out as ________________
in non-dividing cells.

4. MICROTUBULES MICROFILAMENTS
CYTOSKELETON
Made of PROTEINS called
______________ & _________________
FUNCTION: _________________________
___________________________________
MICROTUBULES MICROFILAMENTS
Helps cell maintain shape;
Support; Helps in movement

5. CENTRIOLES Pull chromosomes apart; MICROTUBULES ANIMAL
Made of __________________________
Only seen in _______________ cells during cell division
Function:__________________________________
ANIMAL
Pull chromosomes apart;

6. MITOCHONDRION (pl. MITOCHONDRIA)
DOUBLE
Surrounded by _____________ membrane Contains its own ___________
_______________ of cell
Burns ____________
Stores energy released as ______
DNA
Power plant
GLUCOSE
ATP
Folded inner membrane = _________________
(increases surface area for more chemical reactions)
CRISTAE

7. RIBOSOMES FREE in cytoplasm ATTACHED PROTEINS RNA MAKE PROTEINS
Can be __________________ or __________ to Rough ER
MADE OF ______________ & ________
FUNCTION: _____________________
PROTEINS RNA
MAKE PROTEINS

8. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
MEMBRANES
Internal Network of ___________________
Rough ER: Attached ribosomes make _________________
which are modified and transported to Golgi for export
Smooth ER:
Makes membrane lipids (__________________) Regulates ________________ in muscles Breaks down _________________ in liver
PROTEINS
ROUGH ER SMOOTH ER
(with ribosomes) (no ribosomes)
STEROIDS
CALCIUM
TOXINS

9. GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Looks like a “______________________”
Made of ______________________
FUNCTION: Modify, sort, & package substances
from ER for ______________ or
_______________ out of cell
stack of pancakes
membranes
storage
export

10. Digestive enzymes LYSOSOMES Sac containing _________________________
FUNCTION:
Digests __________________________________
Plays a role in ____________“Programmed cell death”
Cell suicide for the good of the organism
Digestive enzymes
food molecules & unwanted cells/cell parts;
APOPTOSIS

11. CILIA & FLAGELLA MICROTUBULES Made of PROTEINS called _______________
organized in a _________ arrangement
that help with ___________________
CILIA =________ & __________
FUNCTION: ______________________
________________________________
FLAGELLA =______ & ________
FUNCTION: _________________
9 + 2
MOVEMENT
MANY SHORT
move cells; move substances past cells
FEW LONG
Move cells

12. CELL WALL Cell membrane Found OUTSIDE the ____________________
Provides ____________ & ________________
SUPPORT PROTECTION
CELLULOSE
___________________ makes plant cells sturdy
Bacteria have cell walls made of _______________
instead.
PEPTIDOGLYCAN

13. VACUOLES Storage space for: _______________ plant
Proteins, carbohydrates,
water, waste
plant
Huge in __________cells ,
small in _____________ cells,
Not in _________________
animal
bacteria

14. CHLOROPLAST DOUBLE Surrounded by ____________ membrane
Has own ________
_____________ =membrane sacs inside
Contain CHLOROPHYLL where
_______________________ happens
FOUND ONLY IN _____________ CELLS
DNA
THYLAKOIDS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PLANT

15. DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA ANIMAL CELL
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
NO nuclear membrane
NO cell wall
Cell wall made of CELLULOSE
Cell wall made of PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA is a single circular ring
CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles
Really big vacuole
NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes
NO lysosomes
Has centrioles
NO centrioles
NO chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
SMALLER
SMALL
SMALLEST