1. Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7
Vocab Review

2. Process in which cells change and develop into different kinds of cells doing different jobs
Differentiation OR cell specialization
Idea that all living things are made of
Cells, cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things, and new cells
are produced by existing cells
Cell theory

3. cell Log-like structures that pull the
Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life
cell
Log-like structures that pull the
chromosomes apart during cell division
in animal cells
centrioles

4. Membrane protein with sugars attached that help cells identify “self”
glycoprotein
Movement of water from a higher
concentration to lower across a
semi-permeable cell membrane
osmosis

5. Membrane stacks found inside chloroplasts where the enzymes
Sac of digestive enzymes used by cells to break down food, cell parts, or whole cells
lysosomes
Membrane stacks found inside
chloroplasts where the enzymes
for photosynthesis are found
thylakoids

6. Control center of the cell that contains the genetic material
nucleus
Stack of membranes in cells that
modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the ER for transport
Golgi body (apparatus)

7. Describes molecules that try to stay away from water…
DNA with attached proteins found spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells
chromatin
Describes molecules that try to
stay away from water…
means “water fearing”
hydrophobic

8. Transport that does NOT require energy
Passive transport
Movement of molecules from an
area of higher concentration to
lower until equilibrium is reached
diffusion

9. Transport that requires energy
Nucleotide molecules used by cells to store and transfer energy
ATP
Transport that requires energy
Active transport

10. Molecule with a polar head and two hydrophobic tails used to
DNA with proteins attached that is scrunched up into compact bodies in the nucleus of dividing cells
chromosomes
Molecule with a polar head and
two hydrophobic tails used to
make cell membranes
phospholipid

11. Facilitated diffusion
Passive movement of specific molecules
across a cell membrane with the help of
membrane carrier proteins
Facilitated diffusion
Condition in which the concentration
of molecules outside the cell is
GREATER than inside.
HYPERTONIC

12. Kind of passive transport in which proteins form passageways across the membrane for sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions
ion channels
Many, small hair-like structures made
of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement
that extend from the surface of cells
and help in movement
cilia

13. vacuole Space used to store water, food, molecules, enzymes, or waste
Condition in which the concentration
of molecules outside the cell is
LESS than inside
HYPOTONIC

14. Network of microtubules and microfilaments that give the
Dark spot in the cell nucleus where RNA for ribosomes is made
Nucleolus
Network of microtubules and
microfilaments that give the
cell shape and support it
cytoskeleton

15. Gel-like material and the organelles
Organism whose cells have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes
eukaryote
Gel-like material and the organelles
found between the nucleus and cell
membrane
cytoplasm

16. Double membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus
Nuclear envelope
OR nuclear membrane
Small particles that make proteins
ribosomes

17. Power plant of the cell that burns glucose and stores the energy
Membrane system without ribosomes attached involved in lipid synthesis, calcium regulation, and the break down of toxins
Smooth ER
Power plant of the cell that burns
glucose and stores the energy
released in ATP
mitochondria

18. Folded inner membrane inside a mitochondrion
cristae
System of membranes with
ribosomes attached where proteins
are produced and modified
Rough ER

19. Organelle where photosynthesis happens
chloroplast
Bilayer made of phospholipids
and proteins which surrounds all
cells and controls what enters
and leaves
Cell membrane

20. Molecule with an uneven pattern of charges… slightly positive on
Double layer formed when phospholipids
line up with their hydrophillic heads to
the outside and their hydrophobic tails
toward the center
bilayer
Molecule with an uneven pattern
of charges… slightly positive on
one side, slightly negative on
the other
polar

21. Small structure inside eukaryotic cells which carries out a specific function
organelle
Unicellular organism that does NOT have a nucleus and or organelles surrounded by membranes
prokaryote

22. Structure found outside the cell membrane that provides
Describes molecules that try
to be near water or other polar
molecules… means “water loving”
hydrophillic
Structure found outside the
cell membrane that provides
support and protection
Cell wall

23. Polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that makes them sturdy
cellulose
Molecule made by joining amino
acid subunits that is used to
make cell membranes
protein

24. Process in which small molecules or liquids are engulfed and taken
Condition in which the concentration of molecules outside the cell is equal to the concentration inside
isotonic
Process in which small molecules
or liquids are engulfed and taken
into the cell
pinocytosis

25. Molecule used to build bacterial cell walls instead of cellulose
peptidoglycan
State in which the concentration
of molecules is equal throughout the available space
equilibrium

26. Kind of active transport in which ATP provides the energy to a
Process in which a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outside
exocytosis
Kind of active transport in which
ATP provides the energy to a
membrane protein that moves
sodium ions out and potassium ions
into cells
Sodium-potassium pump

27. A living thing composed of many organ systems
organism
Process in which large molecules
or whole cells are engulfed and taken into the cell
phagocytosis

28. Organism made of one cell
Process in which material is surrounded by the
cell membrane and taken into the cell when a
piece of cell membrane breaks off and forms a
vesicle within the cytoplasm
endocytosis
Organism made of one cell
unicellular

29. Small openings in the nuclear membrane that allow molecules
A few, long hair-like structures made
of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement
that extend from the surface of cells
and help in movement
flagella
Small openings in the nuclear
membrane that allow molecules
to pass through
Nuclear pores

30. Group of different kinds of tissues working together
organ
Molecule found in the nucleus
that carries the genetic code
DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid

31. Organism made of many cells
A group of similar cells working together
tissue
Organism made of many cells
multi-cellular

32. Group of different organs working together
organ system
Protein found in cell membranes
which helps molecules get across
the membrane
Carrier protein

33. Programmed cell death; “cell suicide”
Small membrane sac used to transport substances during endocytosis and exocytosis
vesicle
Programmed cell death;
“cell suicide”
apoptosis