1. Eukaryotic Cell Structure

2. Essential Question
What are the functions of the major cell structures?

3. Cell Organization
The eukaryotic cell can be divided into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

4. Nucleus 1. Nucleus Control center of the cell
Directs ALL cell activities
Contains genetic (DNA) instruction for the cell
Usually largest organelle

5. Nuclear Envelope 2. Nuclear Envelope Surrounds the nucleus
Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

6. Nucleus cont… 3. Chromatin 4. Nucleolus Condenses to form chromosomes
Made of DNA & proteins
4. Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes

7. Cytoplasm GEL-LIKE portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Allows for movement
Location for most cell organelles

8. Organelles “Little organs” Each organelle has unique functions
Allows the cell to function properly
The size & shape of a cell relates to its function

9. Cytoplasmic Organelles
5. Ribosome
RNA particles, found throughout the cytoplasm
Makes proteins
Sometimes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

10. 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Series of folded membranes that move material (proteins) in the cell
Rough ER
Surrounds the nucleus
synthesis of proteins
Ribosomes are found on its surface
Smooth ER
Synthesis of lipids
No ribosomes

11. 7. Golgi Apparatus
Synthesis of proteins (proteins in the rough ER move next into the golgi apparatus)
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or secretion
Ships proteins to their final destination

12. 8. Vesicles
Stores and moves material between cell organelles

13. 9. Lysosomes (animal cell)
Small organelles filled with enzymes
“clean up crew”
Breakdown of food molecules, cell wastes and worn out cell parts so the rest of the cell can use it.

14. 10. Vacuoles (plant cell)
Large, sac-like structure that stores food, water, and waste

15. 11. Centrioles (animal cells) Located near the nucleus
Help to organize cell division  used for reproduction

16. 12. Cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape and aid in movement
Comprised of 2 parts: Microfilaments and microtubules

17. 13. Cell membrane 14. Cell wall
Cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Provides protection and support
14. Cell wall
Main function is to provide support and protection
Plants have both a cell membrane and a cell wall

18. Organelles That Capture and Release Energy
All living things require a source of energy. Most cells are powered by food molecules that are built using energy from the sun.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in energy conversion processes within the cell.

19. 15. Mitochondria (plant and animal cell)
Power house of the cell
Provides energy (ATP) for the cell
Converts stored energy in food
Contains its own DNA
Fun Fact: You get your mitochondria from your MOM!
What would happen if the mitochondria stopped working?

20. 16. Chloroplasts (plant cells)
Capture energy form sunlight and convert it into chemical energy
This process is called photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)
-Plants use to make their own food (sugar)
Contains its own DNA
What would happen if a plant had no chloroplasts?

21. 1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
7- ER
3- Mitochondria
5- Chloroplasts
8- Cell Membrane
4- Ribosomes
6- Vacuoles

22. Plant vs. Animal
Plant
Animal

24. 1. Vacuole
2. Golgi Apparatus
3. Cell wall
4. Cell membrane
5. Chloroplast
6. nucleolus
7. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
8. nucleus
9. mitochondria

25. 10. Vacuole
11. Lysosome
12. RER
13. Cell membrane
14. Nucleus
15. Cytoplasm
16. Nucleolus
17. Golgi Apparatus
18. Mitochondria