Memory, Thought and Language Unit 6 Memory, Thought and Language
Taking In Information Encoding Types Encoding Encoding Imagery Automatic Effortful Types Encoding Semantic Acoustic Visual Encoding Imagery Rosy Retrospection Method Loci
Taking Information In: Selective Attention Cocktail Party Effect Feature Extraction
Storing Information Sensory Storage George Sperling Iconic memory Echoic memory
Storing Information Short-Term Memory Maintenance Rehearsal George Miller Magical number 7 http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stm0.html http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/puzmatch.html Chunking Primacy-Recency Effect Working Memory
Storing Information Long-Term Memory Explicit or Declarative Semantic Episodic Implicit or Nondeclarative Procedural ***Priming
Storing Information Long-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Organization Flashbulb memories Long-term potentiation Long-Term Memory Organization Conceptual hierarchy Semantic network
Memory Games http://www.ahaf.org/alzheimers/resources/memorygames.html http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/games/memory-game
Memory Centers Brain Cortex Amygdala Thalamus Hippocampus Cerebellum
Retrieving Information Recall Recognition Cues Reconstructive memory Confabulation Eidetic Memory Encoding Specificity Principle Context-dependent State-dependent Mood-congruent
Retrieving Information Forgetting Encoding failure Retrieval cue failure Tip-of-the-tongue Decay theory Hermann Ebbinghaus Interference Proactive Retroactive Repression vs. Suppression Amnesia Retrograde Anterograde
You identified an innocent person. Actually, the bomber on the roof is not in the lineup. Call it a "trick" if you want, but many jurisdictions across the country do not warn witnesses that the perpetrator might not be in the lineup, thereby pressuring the witness to make an identification. There is nothing particularly unusual or uncommon about showing a lineup that does not include the actual perpetrator to an eyewitness . All it means is that the police had a suspect (e.g., they think that John Doe did it), but he was not the perpetrator. In fact, every DNA exoneration case involving mistaken identification is exactly like that ... the actual perpetrator was not in the lineup that the witness viewed.
Retrieving Information Elizabeth Loftus Misinformation effect
Retrieving Information Hermann Ebbinghaus Serial position effect Learning Curve Forgetting curve
Improving Memory Elaborate Rehearsal Mnemonic Devices Peg Word
Thought Cognitive Thinking Units of thought Image Symbol Concept Formal concept Natural concept Prototype Rule
Schemas Assimilation Accommodation Scripts
Types of Thinking Directed thinking Nondirected thinking Metacognition convergent Nondirected thinking divergent Metacognition
Thinking Strategies Formal Reasoning Informal Reasoning Algorithm Heuristic Anchoring heuristic Representative heuristic Availability heuristic
IX Problem Solving Approaches . . . Associationist . . . Cognitive . . . IX
Obstacles to Problem Solving Set Fixation Functional Fixedness Confirmation bias Overconfidence Framing Belief Perseverance Belief bias
Problem Solving Means-to-an-end Insight Intuition Incubation
Decision Making Single-feature model Additive model Elimination by aspects model
Language Building block of language Phonemes Morphemes grammar Syntax Semantics
Language Acquisition Noam Chomsky B.F. Skinner Benjamin Whorf Linguistic Relativity hypothesis aka - linguistic determinism
Stages of Language Development Babbling Single word 2 words together Telegraphic speech Overgeneralization of words