1. Chapter 8 Memory
Learning that has persisted over time; information that has been stored and can be retrieved

2. How do we accomplish memory feats?
PHENOMENON OF MEMORY
Jill Price
How do we accomplish memory feats?
Guess?

3. Working Memory Model (Expanded Stage 2 from Atkinson and Shiffrin)
MODELS OF MEMORY
Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin
3-Stage Model
1968
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart (1972)
Levels of Processing Theory
Baddeley & Hitch (1974)
Working Memory Model (Expanded Stage 2 from Atkinson and Shiffrin)
Research on Flashbulb Memories
Brown & Kulik (1977)

4. Negative Correlation ENCODING “How” Automatic Processing
Effortful Processing
Negative Correlation
Ebbinghaus

5. Encoding based on visual
“What aids memory”
Encoding for meaning
Visual
Acoustic
Semantic
p.332 Craik
& Tulving
Encoding based on visual
Mnemonics
Based on mental organization
Chunking
Hierarchies
Class activity

6. Memory Storage Storing Memories in the Brain Long Term Memory
Sensory Memory
Iconic
Echoic
Research by George Sperling
1960
Miller’s Magical Number Seven, plus or minus two
Working Memory
Long Term Memory
Limitless
Storing Memories in the Brain
Long term potentiation
Stress Hormones and Memory
Flashbulb Memories
Implicit (Cerebellum)
Explicit Memories (Hippocampus)
Aplysia (Sea Slug)
Case of H.M. (Henry Molaison)

7. “Memory” is any sign that something learned has been retained;
RETRIEVAL
MEMORY
“Memory” is any sign that something learned has been retained;
“Recognize” and “Relearning” count as “Memory”
Retrieval Cues
Mnemonic devices
Priming (awakened “associations”)
Context (“returning to the scene”)
--“déjà vu”
Mood congruent

8. Daniel Schacter “7 Sins of Memory”
FORGETTING
Daniel Schacter “7 Sins of Memory”
“ATB”
“MSB”
“P”
Myers page 350
Encoding Failures
Storage Decay
Ebbinghaus (again) Forgetting Curve Novel info declines rapidly, but loss “levels off”
Physical trace or engram decrease (postulated change in neural tissue of brain)
Retrieval Failures
Interference
Motivated Forgetting

9. Discerning True and False Memories Children’s Eyewitness Recall
MEMORY CONSTRUCTION
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
Source Amnesia
Discerning True and False Memories
Children’s Eyewitness Recall
Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse?
Elizabeth Loftus
Could you be an impartial juror on at a trial of someone convicted of sex abuse based on a recovered memory?
Improving Memory
Discuss—which strategies work best for you?