Culture IGCSE Global Perspectives. The totality of learned, socially transmitted behaviour. Culture generally refers to patterns of human activity and.

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Culture IGCSE Global Perspectives

The totality of learned, socially transmitted behaviour. Culture generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structure that give such activities significance and importance. Culture also includes norms, values, beliefs, and expressive symbols.

Two Dimensions of Culture Material culture consist of the physical objects (“artifacts”), such as cars, mobile phones and books, a society produces and which reflect cultural knowledge, skills, interests and preoccupations. Non-material culture, on the other hand, consists of the knowledge and beliefs that influence people’s behaviour. For example, behaviour may be influenced by religious beliefs (such as Christianity, Islam or Buddhism) and/or scientific beliefs.

Symbol A symbol is something such as an object, picture, written word, sound, or particular mark that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention. A symbol is a mark that appears to stand in for another objects or meaning.

Traffic Sign or Road SignLady Justice or Statue of Justice

Beliefs Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true. Something believed, i.e., accepted as true.

Values Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper - or bad, undesirable, and improper - in a culture. A value system is a set of consistent ethic values and measures used for the purpose of ethical or ideological integrity. A well defined value system is a moral code.

Norms Established standards of behavior maintained by a society. (Social) norms are the behavioral expectations and cues within a society or group. This term has been defined as "the rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors."