1. CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity

2. THE MEANING OF CULTURE culture is common to all societies humans change and adapt to their environment  foundation of culture culture- all the shared products of human groups; physical objects, beliefs, values and behaviors a group shares

3. MATERIAL CULTURE physical objects (ex.: cars, books, buildings)

4. NONMATERIAL CULTURE abstract human creations (ex.: beliefs, family patterns, ideas, language, politics, economy, rules, work)

5. THE MEANING OF CULTURE society = people culture = material and non-material products people create

6. THE COMPONENTS OF CULTURE learned and shared All cultures have 5 basic components: 1. Technology 2. Symbols 3. Language 4. Values 5. Norms

7. TECHNOLOGY rules for using physical objects; interest in skills and rules of use

8. SYMBOLS create culture; used to communicate; have a shared meaning attached to them

9. LANGUAGE organization of written or spoken symbols; standardized

10. VALUES shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable

11. NORMS shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations; expectations, not actual behavior 2 types- folkways and mores

12. FOLKWAYS norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance; failure to follow results in a reprimand or minor punishment

13. MORES have great moral significance; violation endangers society’s stability; stronger punishment

14. LAWS serious mores, formalized; written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by the government (which may also enforce folkways)

15. EXAMINING CULTURE continually changes Levels of Complexity (least  most complex) Traits- simplest; individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation of need (ex.: forks, greeting) Culture complexes- cluster of interrelated traits (ex.: football) Culture patterns- combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole (ex.: American athletics)