Services
Market Area
Rank Size Rule
Threshold
Business, Public, and Consumer
Offshore Financial and Back Office Functions
Gravity Model
Hinterland
Market Area The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted
Rank Size Rule When a country’s nth-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement Without rank-size rule, an LDCs services will not be evenly distributed throughout the country
Threshold The minimum number of people needed to support a service
Business, Public and Consumer 3 types of services
Offshore Financial and Back Office Functions 2 types of business services that LDC’s specialize in
Gravity Model The optimal location of a business is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance they must travel
Hinterland A.K.A. Market area
Urbanization
Multiple Nuclei Model
Zone of Transition
Bid Rent Theory
Redlining
Elite Spine
Filtering
Squatter Settlement
Multiple Nuclei Model Created by Ullman and Harris in 1945 A city is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve
Zone of Transition The zone closest to the CBD in the Concentric Zone Model Where industry and poorer quality homes are
Bid Rent Theory Theory that land decreases in value as it moves away from the CBD, but intersections of major roads far from the CBD can dramatically increase in land value
Redlining When banks draw a line on a map where they will not loan to poor people within that area
Elite Spine In the Latin American model, the wedge that extends from the CBD where rich people live
Filtering Subdividing large houses into multiple smaller dwellings for lower income people
Squatter Settlement Only in Latin American models On the outer layer of the city Periferico
Resources and Cities
Preservation
Fossil Fuels
Nonrenewable Resources
Central Business District
Edge Cities
World Cities
Urban Sprawl
Preservation Maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible
Fossil Fuels Petroleum, natural gas and coal
Nonrenewable Resources Forms very slowly and cannot renew itself for human consumption Examples-fossil fuels
Central Business District Downtown area of a city When a city was founded, the CBD was always the center of transportation routes
Edge Cities Cities that form on the fringe of urban areas along the highways
World Cities Cities with significant global financial functions, where international companies have headquarters, and which has a polarized social structure (poor and rich)
Urban Sprawl Progressive spread of development of a city over the landscape into the suburbs
Miscellaneous Hodge-Podge
Brian Berry
Gentrification
Annexation
Primate City
Smart Growth
Louis Worth
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Brian Berry Applied Central Place Theory to the U.S. Midwest in the 1950s
Gentrification Middle class moves into deteriorating inner city neighborhoods and renovates
Annexation Legally adding land to a city (will have better city services, but pay more taxes)
Primate City When the largest city in a country is more than twice the size of the second city (causes disproportioned services in one place)
Smart Growth Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland (practiced in Ohio, Tennessee, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Washington and Maryland)
Louis Worth Sociologist who created 3 categories to distinguish between urban and rural settlements-Urban areas have large size, high population density and are socially heterogeneous
Metropolitan Statistical Area Urbanized area with at least 50,000 people, the county within which the city is located, adjacent counties with a high population density of residents working in the central city