1. Ch. 13: Urban Patterns
Key Issue 1

2. Urbanization
Urbanization-the process by which the population of cities grows.
Increasing percentage of people in cites
1800 = 3%
1850 = 6%
1900 = 14%
1950 = 30%
2000 = 47%
2008 = 51%
¾ of MDCs, 2/5 of LDCs-- why?
MDCs are now “fully urbanized”
Percentage living in cities has greatly increased in LDCs
Urbanization is:
The number of ppl in cities
The percentage of ppl in cities
The land area occupied by cities

3. Urbanization Increasing number of people in cities
MDCs have a higher percent of urban residents, but LDCs have more of the very large urban settlements (8 out of 10)
Growth of cities used to be tied to Industrialization
In LDCs, big cities are not connected to an increased in development levels
Urbanized Area: city plus continuous suburbs
The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization in MDCs

4. 2015 World’s Largest Cities

5. Urban Settlements are difficult to define…
Social differences:
Louis Wirth:
Large size
Different social relationships
High population density
Specialization and competition
Socially heterogeneous people
Diversity and loneliness
Physical differences:
Legal boundary
Self governing, taxes
Continuously built up
>1000 people/mile
Functional area
Area of influence
May be beyond legal boundaries
TV stations, newspapers, sports teams

6. Overlapping Metropolitan Areas
Megalopolis—adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Boswash
Great Lakes area
Southern California
German Ruhr
Japan Tokaido

7. Urban Models 3 models explaining where people settle in cities
Based on Chicago—prairie city

8. Concentric Zone Model E. W. Burgess 1923
Cities grow outward from a central area in a series of rings
Size and width of rings may vary from city to city but order stays the same.
CBD  Zone in Transition  working class homes  middle class homes  commuter zone

9. Concentric Zone Model
Fig. 13-5: In the concentric zone model, a city grows in a series of rings surrounding the CBD.

10. Sector Model Homer Hoyt 1939 City develops in sectors, not rings
Certain areas of the city are more attractive for different activities, as a city grows these expand in a wedge

11. Sector Model
Fig. 13-6: In the sector model, a city grows in a series of wedges or corridors extending out from the CBD.

12. Multiple Nuclei Model Harris and Ullman 1945
City is a complex structure that includes more than one center for activities to revolve around.
i.e. a port, neighborhood business center, university, airport, parks
Different nodes attract and repel

13. Multiple Nuclei Model
Fig. 13-7: The multiple nuclei model views a city as a collection of individual centers, around which different people and activities cluster.