1 Post-Civil War: Reconstruction ( )

2 After the War: In much of the South: farms destroyed…bitterness & resentment In much of the South: farms destroyed…bitterness & resentment The country needed to be healed The country needed to be healed

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4 Richmond – the Confederate capital

5 Reconstruction the era of reuniting the nation and rebuilding the southern states without slavery. the era of reuniting the nation and rebuilding the southern states without slavery.

6 What needed to be reconstructed? Cities, towns and farms = ruined Cities, towns and farms = ruined Crop failures and high priced food = starvation Crop failures and high priced food = starvation Confederate economy = in ruins Confederate economy = in ruins Where would the freed people go and what would they do? Where would the freed people go and what would they do?

7 Lincoln’s “10% plan” A “gentle” approach to reunite the country as quickly & painlessly as possible A “gentle” approach to reunite the country as quickly & painlessly as possible Offered to pardon southerners for all illegal acts during the rebellion (Civil War) IF: Offered to pardon southerners for all illegal acts during the rebellion (Civil War) IF: 1. Swear oath of loyalty to U.S. 2. Agree slavery was illegal Once 10% of voters in a state did these 2 things, they could form a new gov’t & again be part of the U.S. Once 10% of voters in a state did these 2 things, they could form a new gov’t & again be part of the U.S.

8 The Congressional Plan Republicans in Congress argued that the Congress should have a say in how the South was reconstructed Republicans in Congress argued that the Congress should have a say in how the South was reconstructed The Radical Republicans thought Lincoln’s plan did not punish the South enough, so they came up with their own plan: The Radical Republicans thought Lincoln’s plan did not punish the South enough, so they came up with their own plan: the Wade-Davis Bill the Wade-Davis Bill

9 The Wade-Davis Bill 1. Each state had to ban slavery 2. 50% of voters (adult males) in that state had to take a loyalty oath 3. Only Southerners that swore they had never supported the Confederacy could vote or hold office -President Lincoln vetoed this bill -President Lincoln vetoed this bill

10 Assassination April 14, Lincoln went to a play at Ford’s Theater (5 days after war over) April 14, Lincoln went to a play at Ford’s Theater (5 days after war over) Southerner John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s box & shoots him Southerner John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s box & shoots him Lincoln died next day, his Vice-President, Andrew Johnson was sworn in Lincoln died next day, his Vice-President, Andrew Johnson was sworn in

11 The new President: Andrew Johnson A DEMOCRAT A DEMOCRAT former slave holder former slave holder

12 Lincoln Conspirators Hanged!

13 Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson Continued Lincoln’s plans Continued Lincoln’s plans Pardoned 1,000’s of ex-Confeds Pardoned 1,000’s of ex-Confeds Approved new state constitutions in southern state (many written by ex-Confeds) Approved new state constitutions in southern state (many written by ex-Confeds) Congress passed 13 th, 14 th, and 15th Amendments Congress passed 13 th, 14 th, and 15th Amendments 13 th : Abolish slavery 14 th : made former slaves citizens 15 th : gave freed men right to vote

14 Reaction by southern whites: “black codes”: laws to restrict freedom of freed men (e.g., illegal to testify v. whites, illegal to be unemployed) “black codes”: laws to restrict freedom of freed men (e.g., illegal to testify v. whites, illegal to be unemployed) Widespread acts of violence Widespread acts of violence Ku Klux Klan born Ku Klux Klan born - (ex-Confed. Nathan Bedford Forrest) - (ex-Confed. Nathan Bedford Forrest)

15 Military Reconstruction To curb violence and corruption, south divided into 5 military districts To curb violence and corruption, south divided into 5 military districts Law ‘n order maintained by U.S. Army Law ‘n order maintained by U.S. Army

16 End of Reconstruction Disputed vote count in 1876 Presidential election Disputed vote count in 1876 Presidential election Democrats conceded victory to Republicans (U.S. Grant) in exchange for complete withdrawal of fed’l troops in the south Democrats conceded victory to Republicans (U.S. Grant) in exchange for complete withdrawal of fed’l troops in the south