1. Reconstruction 1865-1877 Essential Questions:
What were the main goals for Reconstruction?
How did Lincoln’s assassination change the course of Reconstruction?
What legislation (laws) changes impacted African-Americans during Reconstruction?
How did legislation and racism limit freedoms for African-Americans following the Civil War?
How was the economic class structure changed by the Civil War in the South?
Video:

2. Main Goals of Reconstruction
Rejoin all states into the Union
Rebuild the South
Major Questions after Civil War
How to re-build the South?
How to bring Southern States back into U.S.?
How to bring former slaves into U.S. as free men and women?

3. How to bring former Confederate States back into the United States?
Should people who fought against U.S. be allowed back as citizens or punished?
What should be done about southern state governments that fought the U.S.?

4. How to bring former slaves into U.S. as free men and women?
How would freed men and women be treated in the Southern States?
What do you think were some of the major challenges faced by former slaves?

5. Rejoin all states into Union: Lincoln’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction)
Pardon to all but highest ranking officials
When 10% of 1860 voters take loyalty oath & establish govt. then it would be let back in
No more slavery
This is 1863, war still going on & Lincoln does this without Congress – Lincoln strong President
1865 2nd Inaugural Address Lincoln describes plan
Lincoln Assassinated

6. Lincoln Assassinated

7. Lincoln assassinated 4/15/1865
6 days after end of Civil War while watching a play
John Wilkes Booth: assassin, Southerner angry at Lincoln
Vice-President Andrew Johnson became President

8. Rejoin all states: Johnson 10% Plan (Presidential Reconstruction)
Johnson: southerner, so goes easier on south
Grants special pardons
Southern planter class back in control of state governments
Black Codes in south
Angers Radical Republicans

9. Rejoin all states to Union: Radical Republican Plan (Congressional Reconstruction
Believed south need be punished, concern of who going to lead
Wade-Davis Bill
Slavery abolished – note, this bill 1864 & before 13th Amendment
50% rule: 50% of voters swear oath to union
New State Constitutions written by non-confederate
Southern states governed by northern generals with troops

10. 13th Amendment – frees slaves, makes slavery illegal
What legislation (laws) changes impacted African-Americans during Reconstruction?
13th Amendment – frees slaves, makes slavery illegal
14th Amendment – guarantees citizenship to all born or naturalized within the U.S.
state governments could not “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”
15th Amendment – gives voting rights to all males
Angers women cause excludes them from voting
Freedman’s Bureau

11. Freedmen’s Bureau Lincoln starts March 1865
Assist freed slaves with food, housing, education, legal assistance
Ex. of influence: Howard University
Problems:
Carpetbaggers: northerner, abolitionist go south to help but some take advantage
Scalawags: southerners sympathetic to African Americans

12. 40 Acres & a Mule
During Reconstruction, ex-slaves were promised 40 acres of land and a mule.
Unfortunately, the government never came through with their promise.
During the riots in the 1960’s, people were overheard saying, “That’s for my 40 acres and a mule,” as they stole something from a store.
Film maker Spike Lee’s company is called 40 Acres and a Mule.

13. Compromise of 1877 Ends Reconstruction
Southern Democrats accept northern President and Federal troops leave south.
Rutherford B. Hayes now President
Southern conservatives back in power in south
Slave owners back in power

14. Voting Restrictions: poll tax, literacy tests, grandfather clause
How did legislation and racism limit freedoms for African-Americans following the Civil War?
Black Codes: laws passed by Southern states to limit freedom of African Americans.
Put in place during Johnson administration
Ku Klux Klan: whites opposed to African Americans obtaining civil rights, esp. right to vote
Used violence and murder
Voting Restrictions: poll tax, literacy tests, grandfather clause
Jim Crow Laws

15. Jim Crow Laws- laws that forced segregation
Segregation: the legal separation of people of color in public places
Separate hotels, rail cars, schools, libraries, parks, bathrooms
Sit in separate parts of theaters and in restaurants
Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court rules segregation legal
Fair as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities provided

16. How was the economic class structure changed by the Civil War in the South?
Civil War eliminates slavery and destroys economy
Whites needed someone to work the land and African Americans needed to work
Sharecropping & Tenant Farming: blacks give crops, or cash for use of former masters land
Debt: in either case African Americans become indebted to former masters
Kept former slaves at lower economic status
Slavery by another name

17. Potential videos to use
American Experience-The Second Civil War-Reconstruction (PBS)
Stop at 3:00

18. Lincoln Assassinated:
Reconstruction
Lincoln Assassinated:
Essential Questions:
What were the main goals for Reconstruction?
How did Lincoln’s assassination change the course of Reconstruction?
What legislation (laws) changes impacted African-Americans during Reconstruction?
How did legislation and racism limit freedoms for African-Americans following the Civil War?
How was the economic class structure changed by the Civil War in the South?
Johnson Plan (presidential reconstruction):
2 Major Goals of Reconstructions: 1. 2.
Radical Republican Plan (Congressional Recon):
Lincoln’s Plan (presidential reconstruction)

19. Reconstruction
Compromise of 1877:
Legislation Impacting African Ams. During Reconstruction:
Jim Crow Laws:
Freedmen's Bureau:
40 Acres & A Mule
How was economic class structure changed by Civil War?