1. Reconstruction 1865 - 1877

2. Reconstruction Period of time in US history immediately after the American Civil War Had two goals: Bring North and South back together Improve the status of former slaves, known as freedmen

3. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Speech, 1865 With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations. Based on this speech, would Lincoln support punishing the Southern states or allowing them to enter easily?

4. Lincoln’s 10% plan States could be readmitted into the Union when 10 percent of voters had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. States had to outlaw slavery and free their slaves

5. Congress’ Plan:Wade-Davis Bill States could be readmitted into the Union when 50 percent of voters had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. States had to outlaw slavery and free the slaves; must take an oath saying they never supported the Confederacy during the Civil War Passes both the House and Senate, but is vetoed by Lincoln

6. In April 1865, Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

7. Andrew Johnson (VP) takes over as prez Johnson is from Tennessee and is supported by the Radical Republicans. The Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South and make things better for the freedmen. Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was similar to Lincoln’s. Many think it is too lenient. It did force Southern states to ratify the 13 th Amendment to the Constitution

8. Let’s ask the audience... What is Reconstruction? What major event happened prior to Reconstruction and who won? Compare and contrast Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction with the Wade-Davis Bill? Which was more strict for the South? Why?

9. 13 th Amendment Abolishes slavery. Slavery will not be allowed, except as a punishment for a crime

10. Black Codes and the KKK Under Johnson’s plan, many southern states create black codes Black codes are designed to keep freed blacks as virtual slaves Forced families of slaves to sign contracts to work for low wages that could not be broken Some states would not allow freedmen to own guns.

11. The Ku Klux Klan was formed to enforce the black codes and to keep freedmen from demanding more rights.

12. Freedmen’s Bureau Freedmen faced many problems besides black codes and the KKK: Many could not read or write. They had very little money and owned very little land. The Freedmen’s Bureau was created in 1865 to help former slaves and poor whites with education, health care, and employment.

13. Built many schools to educate former slaves This will have a huge impact on the Civil Rights movement in the future !

14. Freedmen’s Bureau School

15. In response to Black Codes: Radical Republicans pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Grants citizenship to African Americans and guarantees equal rights with whites. Johnson vetoes it. Congress overturns the veto.

16. This will become the 14 th Amendment Granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States” and promised “equal protection of the laws” Makes the Civil Rights Act of 1866 part of the Constitution.

17. Republicans Take Control of Reconstruction President Johnson loses control of Reconstruction in 1867 to the Radical Republicans They divide the South into five military districts and set much stricter conditions for states to rejoin the Union

18. Reconstruction Military Districts

19. Radical Republicans Reconstruction Conditions 1. States must ratify the 14 th amendment to the Constitution 2. Must guarantee freedmen right to vote 3. Must form new governments elected by all male citizens, including African Americans

20. Fifteenth Amendment In order to guarantee the right to vote for freedmen, Congress will pass the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. It protected the voting rights of African Americans after 1870. These new freedmen voters help to keep the Republicans in power in Congress

21. Many poor whites and freedmen turn to sharecropping and tenant farming Sharecroppers would get part of the landowner’s crop in exchange for growing it. Tenant farmers rented the land and kept the crop for themselves.

22. Reconstruction Ends By 1877, the North grows tired of Reconstruction and troops are removed from the South Impact: Civil War Amendments Helped to rebuild many Southern cities Increased pressure to expand voting rights for women