The Later Middle Ages Popes and King Chapter 18-1 The Later Middle Ages Popes and King

Put these in the Correct Order True of False: Choose the letters of the True Statements In England and France, kings were elected to their thrones In England and France, kings inherited their thrones from their fathers People who committed minor offences could be excommunicated. People who committed serious offenses could be excommunicated. Popes and kings had the most power in the later Middle Ages Nobles and knights had the most power in the later Middle Ages. Invaders attack much of Europe Towns and trade grow Charlemagne creates a huge Christian Empire Missionaries spread Christianity to Europe Feudalism develops in Europe

Copy Chapter 18 Terms p. 523 Excommunicate Pope Gregory VII Emperor Henry IV Crusades Holy Land Pope Urban II King Richard I Saladin Clergy Religious Order Francis of Assisi Friars Thomas Aquinas Natural Law Magna Carta Parliament Hundred Years’ War Joan of Arc Black Death Heresy Reconquista King Ferdinand Queen Isabella Spanish Inquisition

Complete the Timeline Questions Explore the Timeline p. 521 About how long did the Crusades last? While Crusaders fought for control of the Holy Land, what was happening in Japan? About how long did the Black Death last?

Chapter 18-1 Guided Questions What two people shared power in Europe after feudalism declined? Whom might a pope choose to excommunicate? Why did some popes eventually begin to live like royalty? How did becoming king in England and France differ from how it was done in the Holy Roman Empire? In what region did many bishops not recognize the pope’s authority? Why did Pope Leo IX believe that all church officials should answer to him? What might have happened if Leo IX had not excommunicated the bishop of Constantinople? What compromise solved the conflict over who had the right to choose bishops? Why do you think a king would want to select bishops himself?

Popes and Kings 524-527 In the early Middle Ages, who had a great deal of power in Europe? As time passed, power shifted into the hands of the popes and kings. Looking at the title “popes and kings,” what kind of government can you guess they had? Feudalism in Europe declined and popes gained both spiritual power and political power. What was the popes job during the early Middle Ages? Together the popes and kings controlled most of European Society.

Jobs of the Pope Head of Christian Church in Western Europe God’s representative on earth to Christian people in Europe Wrote “the bull” which said what the church could teach and its policies Punish or Excommunicate people working against the church, which was feared greatly Political Leader for the area of the fallen Roman Empire and area became known as the Holy Roman Empire because the Pope elected its leaders Popes lived like royalty in huge palaces

Because of the power of the popes, they often clashed with the legitimate political leaders, the kings.

King and Power All of the small states in Europe were ruled by kings (see map 525) Most powerful kings were in France, England, and the Holy Roman Empire Kings in France and England inherited their thrones (dynasty) Power through alliances and warfare

The Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire grew out of what was Charlemagne’s Empire Saw as the rebirth of the Roman Empire Leaders of the Holy Roman Empire were elected by the pope and did not inherit their crowns The Emperors were elected by nobles Sometimes these elections led to fights between the nobles and the Emperors In the worst fights, emperors would call on the pope for help

Let’s Gossip about the two biggest fights between the kings and popes The Great Schism of 1054 Create a split in the Christian Church The Clash of 1073 Pope shows the king who is boss

Popes vs. Kings Gossip Column Assignment Write a Newspaper Gossip Column about the “Great Schism of 1054” with Pope Leo IX (page 526 Popes fight for power) OR “The Clash of 1073” with Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV (527 Kings and Popes Clash) Criteria Groups of 2 or can be done individually Column must include a Catchy Title Columns must explain the controversy completely (so what are they arguing about and what happens) Must include some opinionated views from the writer Include slang or sarcasm Include slang or sarcasm such as lol, Omg, like, really, epic fail, rotfl, etc… ALL GOSSIP MUST BE TRUE IN THIS CASE!!

Main Idea 2: Popes fought for power, leading to a permanent split within the church. Although the people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the church, eastern European people disagreed.

Pope Leo Pope Leo IX believed that all Christians should answer to the pope, and that the pope should be the leader of the whole Christian church. The bishop of Constantinople disagreed with Pope Leo and wouldn’t recognize his authority, so Pope Leo excommunicated him. This decision created a permanent split in the church. The Eastern Orthodox Church was formed by Christians who agreed with the bishop. The rest of the church became known as the Roman Catholic Church. The pope became one of the most powerful figures in western Europe.

Main Idea 3: Kings and popes clashed over some issues. As popes continued to try to increase their power, they came into conflict with kings.

Power Struggle Pope Gregory VII came to power in Rome. The pope disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV. Henry became angry and tried to have the pope removed; however, the pope excommunicated Henry. Henry had to beg the pope for forgiveness to get back into the church. This incident made the pope more powerful than the emperor at that time.

Info to Know The Great Schism of 1054 was the split between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches. In 1054, relations between the Greek speaking Eastern of the Byzantine empire and the Latin speaking Western traditions within the Christian Church reached a terminal crisis. This crisis led to the separation between the Eastern and Western churches and is referred to as the Great Schism of 1054. The Christian Church split along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographic lines. The split, the Great Schism of 1054, led to the development of the modern Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

Info to Know A person who was excommunicated was denied the sacraments of the church, including mass and confession. Because rulers were believed to rule by the authority of God, an excommunicated king or emperor had no right to rule.

Popes vs. Kings Gossip Column Assignment What is gossip? What is catchy?