GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MOD B

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT P. 114 Growth: bodily changes Development: social, psychological, emotional changes Progression from simple to complex, head to feet, torso to limbs Specific tasks need to be mastered before able to move on to next level Progression happens in orderly forward manner, speed varies

NEONATAL AND INFANT PERIOD P. 114 Neonate: birth to 1 month Infancy: 1 month – 2 years Rapid growth and development: sit, crawl, stand, first steps, self-awareness, attachments, activity, teething, food intake, verbal skills Reflexes (automatic responses) in infants: Moro (startle) reflex: arms spread out, legs extended, head thrust back Grasp reflex: fingers flex into grasping motion when palm of hands is touched Rooting (sucking) reflex: stroking cheek or side of lips makes infant turn its head to that side Tasks to be accomplished: By 6 months: roll over, sit up, eats finger foods, responds to sounds, fear of strangers By 9 months: crawls, responds to name, says 1-2 syllable words ex. Mama By 1 year: understands simple commands ex. NO, first steps, eats table food, holds own cup, tripled weight since birth; triple in birth weight, double in length When providing care: smile, be gentle, hug, rock, touch infant Introduce yourself and explain procedures to parents

TODDLER PERIOD P. 116 Toddler: 2-3 years Very active, exploring, investigating Learns elimination control Right/wrong Reacts with frustration to discipline due to increased self awareness (tantrums) Less separation anxiety Side by side playing with others Tasks to be accomplished: Walk and run Motor skills: feeding self, riding toys Put words together, speak more clearly When providing care: To child: give your name, call him by his name, smile, use simple words, be gentle, talk to him during care To parents: introduce yourself, explain procedures

PRESCHOOL YEARS P. 116 Pre-school: 3-5 years Less reliant on mother, Sibling rivalries, Cooperative play with others, Asks many questions, active imagination, sexually curious Tasks to be accomplished: Become more socialized Become more cooperative Enjoy interacting with family members and peers When providing care: To child: give your name, call him by his name, using simple words, explain procedure, tell what you will do each time (don’t expect he’s going to remember), demonstrate on a prop if possible, allow independence To parents: introduce yourself, explain procedures

SCHOOL- AGE P. 117 School-age: 5-12 years Tasks to be accomplished: Able to communicate Fine motor skills developed, necessary for writing etc Increased sense of self Peer relations Using play and games to reinforce social behavior Shows concern for other living things When providing care: To child: give your name, call him by his name, use simple words but use proper medical terminology, encourage questions, set limits To parents: introduce yourself, explain procedures

PREADOLESCENCE P. 117 Preadolescence: years Hormonal changes, mood swings, insecurity, awareness and interest in opposite sex, arms and legs seem out of proportion to rest of body When providing care: To child: give your name, call him by his name, use regular language with proper medical terminology, answer questions/concerns, be patient, avoid power struggles To parents: introduce yourself, explain procedures

ADOLESCENCE P. 118 Adolescence: years Sexual maturity Appreciation of own identity as male/female Desire of independence Developing coping systems for independent judgments and decisions Compare taught values to reality When providing care: To adolescence: introduce yourself, use regular language with proper medical terminology, answer questions/concerns, be patient, avoid power struggles

ADULTHOOD P. 118 Adult: years Independence, personal decision making Choose mate Establish family and career Optimal health Choose friends

MIDDLE AGE P years Retirement Children move out (empty nest syndrome) Health still good, but starting to decline More time for hobbies Grandchildren “Sandwich” generation: caring for own parents and caring for children/grandchildren

LATER MATURITY P years Gradual loss of vitality and stamina Age related physical changes: sight, hearing Chronic conditions Gradual losses: mate, friends, self-esteem, independence Examination of lifetime Even more time to pursue personal interests Increased wisdom

OLD AGE P. 119 Over 75 years Failing physical health Growing dependency Dealing with illness, loneliness, loss of friends/ loved ones Realization of mortality

HOMEWORK Read unit in textbook, then do Review questions in textbook P. 125: True/False, Multiple choice Workbook: p. 56: 3. “Complete the chart” –complete both charts