1. The Life Cycle and Aging
Chapter 3, Lesson 8 and 9

2. The Stages of Life There are nine stages of life.
Infancy
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood
Late Childhood
Adolescence
Transition to Adulthood
First Adulthood
Second Adulthood
Late Adulthood
You must master one stage before you can move onto another!

3. Infancy Birth to 1 year Grow rapidly, almost tripling in weight
Completely dependent on others for food, clothing, and shelter
If needs are met = perceive adults as reliable and trustworthy
If needs are not met = more likely to be distrustful and suspicious of others

4. Early Childhood 1 to 3 years Begin to:
explore their environment
Develop physical skills (walking, etc)
Gain some independence in self-care (toiled trained)
If they are encouraged in their attempts to become more independent, children gain confidence in this stage.
If they are not encouraged, they may develop doubt and shame.

5. Middle Childhood 3 to 6 years Very imaginative Begin to:
Initiate activities
Invent ways of playing

6. Late Childhood 6 to 12 years Learn:
Many important academic skills at school
To relate to peers in more structured settings, such as a sports team
If challenges of in previous stages have been mastered and they are encouraged, they feel active and are able to acquire these skills.
If challenges have not been mastered and encouragement is missing, they may doubt their abilities and feel incompetent or inferior.

7. Adolescence
12 to 18 years
The physical, emotional, and social transition from childhood to adulthood.
Time of profound physical and emotional growth.
Most importantly, adolescents try to develop a sense of identity.
A sense of who you are.
If an identity is developed, adolescents are more likely to succeed.
If it is not developed, adolescents may experience confusion about their role in life.

8. The Tasks of Adolescence
Having healthful friendships with both males and females.
Being comfortable with being male or female.
Being comfortable with one’s body.
Gaining skills that will help the individual become independent from parents and other adults.

9. The Tasks of Adolescence
Learning skills to use later in marriage and becoming a parent.
Learning skills to help get a job and earn money.
Developing a clear set of values to guide behavior.
Developing a social conscience.

10. Emotional and Social Changes in Adolescence
Rising levels of hormones can cause strong emotions, or mood swings
Self-consciousness may occur with all of the changes from puberty
Romantic feelings
Friendships
Social:
Interactions with others
Peers become the focus of social interactions
Finding a balance between family and peers

11. The Stages of Adulthood
Transition to Adulthood (18-30)
Young adults strive to be independent from their parents and establish close relationships with other adults.
Must develop the skills to live independently.
First Adulthood (30-45)
Work to establish careers and raise children
Set financial and career goals and work to achieve them.

12. The Stages of Adulthood
Second Adulthood (45-70)
Face major changes in life
Children leave home
Retirement
Previous goals and accomplishments need to be reevaluated
Late Adulthood (70+)
Come to terms with retirement, issues of independence and dependence, the loss of friends and loved ones, the prospect of their own death, and the self-assessment of whether life has been well lived.

13. Measuring Age Chronological Age: Biological Age: Social Age:
The number of years a person has lived
Measured by a calendar
Biological Age:
Based on how well a person’s body parts are functioning
Influenced by heredity, health habits, and the quality of health care a person receives
Social Age:
Indicator of a person’s age based on involvement with others

14. Life Cycle Assessment Your Task:
Interview a parent or friend that has seen you develop through the first five life stages.
Record their answers on the worksheet.
Make sure to have the person you interviewed sign the worksheet!