HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 1 Sociology  What is Sociology? Any ideas? What do you already know?  Sociology is the social science that studies human society and social behavior.  -Sociologists make connections between behavior and society by asking questions and solving problems. Section 1: Examining Social Life

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 2 Create 6-10 questions you would ask these people to better understand their society.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 3 Create 6-10 questions you would ask these people to better understand their society.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 4 Understanding the significances of studying human behavior activity  Create a list of as many things as you can think of to describe yourself.  Review you list and then cross off everything listed that describes yourself as an individual. (hair color, academic achievements) Leave all the things that describe you in terms of your relationships with others. (positions in your family, groups and friends)  All of those items still listed are indications that we are not simply members of a society but that we also identify ourselves in social terms.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 5 CHAPTER 1 The Sociological Point of View Section 1: Examining Social Life Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 6 Objectives:  Describe what sociology is and explain what it means to have a sociological imagination.  Explain how sociology is similar to and different from other social sciences. Section 1: Examining Social Life

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 7 Ch. 1 section 1 Terms and People (Define and Identify)  Anthropology-  Economics-  History-  Political Science-  Psychology-  Sociological Imagination-  Social Interaction-  Sociological Perspective-  Social Phenomena-  Social Psychology-  Social Science-  Socialism-  C. Wright Mills-

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 8 Comparing Sociology to Other Social Sciences  SIMILAR: examines the relations between society and culture, the individual economics, politics, and past events which are all the focus of one or more of the social sciences  DIFFERENT: sociologists are mainly interested in social interaction and tend to focus on the group rather than the individual Section 1: Examining Social Life

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 9 Question: How can having a sociological perspective help one look beyond commonly held beliefs to the hidden meanings behind human actions? Section: 1 Examining Social Life

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY The sociological perspective helps you see that all people are social beings. 2. It tells you that your behavior is influenced by social factors and that your learned behavior is influenced from others. The clothes that you wear. Voting for the same candidate as your parents. 3. The sociological perspective allows you to see beyond your own day to day life by viewing the world through other’s eyes. Section: 1 Examining Social Life

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 11 is a fresh way of looking at a familiar surrounding. 1.Using the Sociological perspective is a fresh way of looking at a familiar surrounding. 2.Look at paperweight / snow globe with the snow scene in it. This represents a microcosm (a little world) of society. You are not part of that society, you are separated from it and therefore, are able to see it from all angels with an objective perspective. 3.This is the perspective of sociologist. It has no biases, no prejudices. This is how one should study societies throughout the world. Section: 1 Examining Social Life

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 12 Question: What does it mean to have a Sociological Imagination ?  A sociological imagination is the ability to see the connection between the larger world and one’s personal life.  C. Wright Mills describes this as: “the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote to the most intimate features of the human self- and to see the relations between the two.” Section 1: Examining Social Life

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 13 Section 1: Examining Social Life Teacher Future of the world SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION My connection between the larger world and my own personal life. Teacher Future of the world SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION My connection between the larger world and my own personal life.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 14 Section 1: Examining Social Life Teacher Future of the world SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION My connection between the larger world and my own personal life. Individual Donating Blood SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION My connection between the larger world and my own personal life.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY What is gained by using our sociological imagination?  Understand effects of events  Awareness permits to learn and get a fuller understanding of the events  Questions common interpretations of human social behavior. 15

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 16 SECTION 1 Examining Social Life Illustration SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Create your own ? ? ?

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 17  CLASSWORK:  (Page 7-8 in your book)  On the thinking map/graphic organizer provided compare the focus of sociology with the focus of the other social sciences.  (make sure somewhere in the organizer you address the following) 1) Define and explain what this area of the Social Sciences deals with. 2) How does this area overlap with sociology? How would a sociologist use this discipline in their work? Create an example.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Sociology’s Place in the Social Sciences  Anthropology- comparative study of past and present cultures (closest to sociology)  Psychology- focuses on individual behavior (personality, perception, motivation, learning)  History- study of past events, sociologists study past events in order to explain current social behaviors and attitudes 18

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY  Economics Process by which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. Examines government policy on economic growth and stability. Effects of economic forces are of great interest to sociologists  Political Science Organization and operation of governments Sociologists would be interested in voting patterns, the concentration of political power and the formation of political groups 19

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Warm-up: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS- PICK 2 USE YOUR TEXTBOOK TO LOOK UP EACH THINKERS PERSPECTIVE… Pages

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY What were Auguste Comte’s major ideas?  Sociology  Positivism(the belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation  Social statics(the study of social stability and order)  Social dynamics (the study of social change)  Positive Philosophy 21

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Why did Herbert Spencer oppose social reform?  Self taught  Jack of trades  Society  Human body  Social Darwinism  thought that evolutionary social change led to progress 22

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Karl Marx  Bourgeoisie(class owning the means for producing wealth)  Capitalist (person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth)  Proletariat(working class; those who labor for the bourgeoisie)  Class conflict ( the ongoing struggle between the bourgeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (working) class) 23

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Emile Durkheim  Mechanical solidarity (social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs enforced by conformity and dependence on tradition and family)  Organic solidarity (social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization in roles) 24

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Max Weber  Verstehen(understandin g social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others)  Rationalization(the mindset emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning) 25

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 26 Objectives:  Describe how the field of sociology developed.  Explain how the focuses of the three main theoretical perspectives in sociology differ. Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Conflict Perspective- Dysfunctional-Function- Functionalist Perspective- Ideal Type- Theory- Interactionist perspective- Latent Function- Manifest Function- Social Darwinism- Symbol- Symbolic Interaction- Theoretical Perspective- Verstehen- 27

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 28 The Development of Sociology  The rapid social and political changes that took place in Europe as a result of the Industrial Revolution  Rapid growth of urban populations produced a multitude of social problems  Over time, it became more difficult to ignore the effect of society on the individual  Sweeping political, social, and economic changes caused some scholars to question the traditional explanations of life and attempted to prove their beliefs using a variety of methods Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY The Role of Theoretical Persepctives Perspective is a particular point of view. We all see what is happening around us through our own perspectives—our own point of view. We all see what is happening around us through our own perspectives—our own point of view. Perception is the way the brain interprets an image or event. Have you ever shared a different perception of an event from a friend? Have you ever shared a different perception of an event from a friend? 29

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 30

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY What is unique about sociology?  Sociology has its own perspective–the sociological perspective (a view that looks at behavior of groups not individuals) 31

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY What is a theoretical perspective?  a set of assumptions accepted as true 32

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 33 SECTION 2 Question: What are the three main theoretical perspectives in sociology and how do the differ in their focus? Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Three Main Theoretical Perspectives Differ in Focus FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE:  Based on ideas of Comte, Spencer, and Durkheim  see society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system; focus on functions and dysfunctions  Society held together through concensus  If an element doesn’t function smoothly, labeled “dysfunctional” (Crime) Functions Can Be…  Manifest- intended/recognized consequence of some element of society (car -> provides transportation)  Latent function- unintended and unrecognized consequence of an element of society (car- > social standard/prestige by owning an expensive car 34

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Three Main Theoretical Perspectives Differ in Focus CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE:  focus on forces in society that promote competition and change; see social change as an inevitable feature of society  Karl Marx ideas  Interested in violent AND nonviolent competition Examples:  Decision making in families  Relationships among racial groups  Disputes between workers and employers  *** Competition over scarce resources is the basis of social conflict 35

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Three Main Theoretical Perspectives Differ in Focus INTERACTIONISTS PERSPECTIVE:  focus on how individuals interact in society and on the meanings individuals attach to their own and to other’s actions  Interested in everyday situations  Influenced by Max Weber  Interested in symbols (gestures, physical objects, words, and events) Examples:  Symbolic interaction- How people use symbols to interact  Topics- Child development, relationships, mate selection 36

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 37 SECTION 2 Sociology: Then and Now Functionalists see society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system; focus on functions and dysfunctions Interactionists focus on how individuals interact in society and on the meanings individuals attach to their own and others’ actions Conflict Theorists focus of forces in society that promote competition and change; see social change as an inevitable feature of society THREE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Mr. Bean Cannot Stay Awake in church Apply the sociological perspectives 38

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 39 Chapter Wrap-Up 1.What is the main focus of sociology? 2.What does it mean to have a sociological perspective and sociological imagination? 3. Identify the major early sociologists. 4. What are the three main theoretical perspectives in sociology, and which of the founders of sociology is connected to which perspective? 1.What is the main focus of sociology? 2.What does it mean to have a sociological perspective and sociological imagination? 3. Identify the major early sociologists. 4. What are the three main theoretical perspectives in sociology, and which of the founders of sociology is connected to which perspective? CHAPTER 1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY 40 Short Essay Questions Answer 2 of the following 4 questions. 1) How did Max Weber’s approach (perspective) to sociology differ from that of Comte, Spence, Marx, and Durkheim? 2) Explain how the focus of Sociology is both different and similar to the focus of the other Social Sciences. You must address at least 3 other Social Sciences and be sure to give examples in your response. 3) Identify and describe the 3 main theoretical perspectives in sociology, be sure to include a real world example of each. 4) Explain how developing a Sociological Perspective and a Sociological Imagination can help you in your daily life? Be sure to define both terms in your response. Answer 2 of the following 4 questions. 1) How did Max Weber’s approach (perspective) to sociology differ from that of Comte, Spence, Marx, and Durkheim? 2) Explain how the focus of Sociology is both different and similar to the focus of the other Social Sciences. You must address at least 3 other Social Sciences and be sure to give examples in your response. 3) Identify and describe the 3 main theoretical perspectives in sociology, be sure to include a real world example of each. 4) Explain how developing a Sociological Perspective and a Sociological Imagination can help you in your daily life? Be sure to define both terms in your response. CHAPTER 1