1. Are there Aliens in Pine Bush? List three (3) possible explanations for this local issue.

2. FOCUS: How did the field of sociology develop? Who are the early Sociologists? How are these theories different? What are some CURRENT theories? 2

3. When and why did Sociology Develop? 3

4. Industrial Revolution 4

5. Rural Economy Changes to Industrial Economy Growth of Cities Housing shortages, crime, poverty, different lifestyles 5

6. Interactions used to be based on personal relationships 6

7. Impersonal nature of cities –relationships now based on work 7

8. How did Sociology Develop? Relationships no longer personal, less helpful, more anonymous People became frustrated, many were poor and some were wealthy Political revolutions developed in this time period. Many also questioned religious and traditional explanations of life 8

9. Who were the Early Sociologists? 9

10. Do Now: Do you believe there is any truth to this cartoon? Explain why or why not? 10

11. Early Sociology Auguste Comte 1 st to apply research to study social life Focused on Social Order and Social Change Society changes through social dynamics – the processes of social order and social change. Herbert Spencer Influenced by Charles Darwin Social change and unrest were natural and led to stability and perfection Believed that no steps should be taken to correct problems – best aspects of society would survive over time. I was born in January actually, I don’t know why my mom named me Auguste I don’t know where my hair stops and my beard begins? 11

12. Early Sociology Karl Marx Society structured by economy Two classes: proletariat (workers) and bourgeoisie (capitalists) Imbalance would lead to revolution and be primary cause of social change CONFLICT THEORY Emile Durkheim Saw society as interdependent parts that maintains the system throughout time Viewed these parts as functions FUNCTIONALISM Believed shared beliefs/values held society together Sociologists should study features that are observable and can be tested. Suicide Study (handout) It is me, Karl. I started Communism. Yeah…yeah…I know. It didn’t work out well. 12

13. Early Sociologists Max Weber More interested in separate groups in society Focus: effect of SOCIETY on the INDIVIDUAL Should go beyond study of observations – but uncover feelings and thoughts of individuals Principle of VERSTEHEN – understanding meanings individuals attach to their actions See situations through the eyes of others IDEAL TYPE: the essential characteristics of a feature of society Example: Construct an ideal school, American, Work attitude, etc. By examining many different examples of each ideal type Verstehen! NO! I am not sneezing! 13

14. What are some Current Sociology Theories? 14

15. Current Perspectives Functionalist Perspective Comte, Spencer, Durkheim Society a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable society Consensus Often study: family, education, crime, etc. Not all elements run smoothly DYSFUNCTION: negative consequence for the lack of stability in society Crime – disrupts – not stabilizes Comte, Spencer, Durkheim Society a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable society Consensus Often study: family, education, crime, etc. Not all elements run smoothly DYSFUNCTION: negative consequence for the lack of stability in society Crime – disrupts – not stabilizes There are positive functions and negative functions Each can be either MANIFEST or LATENT Manifest: intended consequence Latent: unintended consequence There are positive functions and negative functions Each can be either MANIFEST or LATENT Manifest: intended consequence Latent: unintended consequence 15

16. Example: A Manifest function of a car is to provide transportation A Latent function of a car is to gain social standing through a display of wealth 16

17. Can you list things in society that have both Manifest and Latent Functions? In a group of three….brainstorm items, institutions, etc. that have both Manifest and Latent Functions 17

18. Current Perspectives Conflict Perspective Karl Marx People in society who possess more power in society control others with less power Study various groups: women and men, race, family, employers and employees, etc. Karl Marx People in society who possess more power in society control others with less power Study various groups: women and men, race, family, employers and employees, etc. Competition over scarce resources (power, wealth) Group gains control of it – establish rules and procedures to keep it Protect their interests at expense of other groups Leads to social conflict – social change – inevitable in society 18

19. Can you list groups in society that illustrate Conflict Perspective? 19

20. Current Perspectives Interactionist Perspective Functionalists and Conflict Theorists focus on society in general or groups Interactionists focus on individuals and their interaction with each other Role of symbols in life Symbol: anything that represents something else Functionalists and Conflict Theorists focus on society in general or groups Interactionists focus on individuals and their interaction with each other Role of symbols in life Symbol: anything that represents something else Example: objects, words, gestures American flag, salute, a high five, slang How people use symbols is symbolic interaction 20

21. Interactionist Activity Express the word you were given without talking

22. 22 What did Marx believe? What did Spencer believe What did Weber believe? What did Comte believe? What is Functionalism? What was Durkheim known for? What is manifest? Latent? Who are the early Sociologists? How and when did the field of sociology start?

23. 23 Give an example of a symbol? What is Interactionist Perspective? What is Conflict Perspective?

24. Homework Assignment: Test Grade You are a sociologist studying an issue of your choice. Find an article about your issue and in a five (5) paragraph essay look at it from a : Functionalist Perspective Conflict Perspective Interactionist Perspective Due: